Folia archeologica 43.

Virginie Challét: Kárpát-medencei, Kr. e. 3-2. századi zománcos övek fiziko-kémiai és stilisztikai vizsgálata

AEGEAN AMPHORAE IN PANNÓNIA 117 from the Amber Route and the Limes settlements and quite a few in Gorsium (Fig. 2). The presence of this type of amphora can be established at almost every military and civilian settlement throughout the Empire. The were used from the first century ВС. to the second century AD.

4 They were not only produced on Rhodes but on the neighbouring islands and in Asia Minor as well

5. The Dressel 43/Knossos 4-5 amphora

6 (Fig. 1, No. 5) found in Scarbantia is similar to the Rhodian type but its fabric are entirely different. Hayes found some amphorae belonging to this type at the Dionysos villa in Knossos. He thought the amphora were of local production. This has been recently confirmed: this form was also found in Herakleion in the North and near Dermatos and Tsoutsouros in the South

7. It was Panella

8 who described the distribution of this type. This type is known on Cyprus, in North Africa, at the mouth of the Danube, in Italy, in Pannónia, in Germania Superior and in Gallia Narbonensis. They must have been produced in first and the second centuries AD.

9 Only three fragments of Knidian amphorae

1

0 (Fig. 1, No. 4) were identified in Salla, Savaria and Carnuntum. The Salla fragment was found in a second century level, while the Carnuntum fragment in third century contexts. Knidian wine was extremely popular in Hellenistic times (65% of the 40000 amphorae in Athens)

1

1 but its consumption in Imperial times is less well documented. Some specimens were found in Magaalensberg

1", Pompeii, Ostia, Fishbourne and Luni

1

3. Its production was not restricted to one place. Several workshops were found in the region of Knidos

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4. This explains why the fabric of the Magdalensberg, Salla and Savaria amphorae have similar inclusions

1

5. The Carnuntum amphora, was produced later, with a little different fabric. The Koan amphorae/Pompeii 5-6

1

6 (Fig. 1, No. 3) are classified as Dressel 4. These are also in frequent in Pannónia. Specimens have, however, been found in the 4 Panella 1976, 615, note 8. 5 Peacock 1977 referred to various place of origin, 266-270. On the places of production see Empereur — Picon 1986, 112-116 and with new information Empereur - Picon 1989, 224-225. Fig. 1. 6 Panella 1986. 615. Fig. 7-8. 7 Hayes 1973,143-145. Fig. 21, A 20-22,26-27; Empereur-Kritzas-Marangou 1991, AC4 type 522. and s

F

is5

8Panella 1986, 620. Fig. 17. and note 21: Italy: Milan, Cremona, Ravenna, Luni, Porto Recanati, Ostia, Pompeii, Herculaneum and Sibari; Germania Superior: Strasbourg, Vindonissa; Gallia Narbonensis: Fos, Istres; Thracia: Troesmis, Tropaeum; Cyprus: Paphos; Crete: Knossos, Gortyn; Tripolitania: Sabratha; Cyrene: Berenice; Pannónia: Scarbantia; 9 Panella 1986, 620. 1

0 Grace 1979-2. Fig. 64; Panella 1986. 621, Fig. 18. 1

1 Grace 1979-2. 12. 1

2 cf. notes 1 and 2 1

3 Panella 1986, 621. 1

4 Empereur-Picon 1986,116-118. Fig. 23. 1

5 The microscopic analysis was made by György Szakmány (Faculty of Science, Eötvös University). The fabric of this vessels contains magmatic and sedimentary rocks (mainly serpentine, augite, siliceous shale, cheert) of slightly metamorphosed ophiolite series with occasional patches of meta-sandstone (phillite) and limestone (mostly patite). We could not established the exact origins of the sanidine and plagioclase contents. There are also "alien tile fragments" which could not have originated from broken and already used pottery vessels. 1

6 Mauri 1925, 246; Grace 1979-2, Fig. 57; Riley 1979,168-169 ER 12; Panella 1986,616. Fig. 12-13; Hesnard 1986. Fig. 2a-2b;