Folia archeologica 43.

Virginie Challét: Kárpát-medencei, Kr. e. 3-2. századi zománcos övek fiziko-kémiai és stilisztikai vizsgálata

FOLIA ARCHAEOLOGICA XLIII. 1994. BUDAPEST AEGEAN AMPHORAE IN PANNÓNIA Tamás BEZECZKY Literary sources and excavations can tell us about the food consumption of both the Roman and the native population of Pannónia. A number of conclusions can be drawn on the basis of the materials found at the excavation sites, e.g. the oil seeds, the animal bones, the agricultural tools, the smaller or larger containers and the mortarium. These conclusions concern the eating and drinking habits of the population of Pannónia. In particular, it can be established that there must have been a significant difference between the food consumption of the native population and the Roman soldier who arrived here from distant areas of the Empire. We must assume that the importation of fodd to Pannónia must have been on a much larger scale than in usually supposed. Although the inscriptions mention the "local wine"(grape)?, the export of cereals and the commerce with the neighbouring Barbarians, the food coming from distant provinces of the Empire cannot be neglected. It was also a substantialpart of Pannonia's commercial links. The various foodstuffs, i. e. wine, olive oil, olive, fish sauce, fruit which reached Pannónia in amphorae are not only important because of the amphorae but also because underwater archaeology established that, beside the amphorae, a number of other ceramic objects were transported as well. It seems reasonable to assume that the same method was also used in the case of land transportation. In the neighbourhood of Pannónia, at the Magdalensberg site, a Knidian amphora's handle with a figurai stamp

1 was found. There are, in fact, a number of amphorae in Pannónia

2 which arrived here from the Greek islands and Asia Minor. Some of these can be dated fairly precisely and the site of production can also be established. The rest must also have been produced in the Aegean. The following types of amphora were modelled on late Hellenistic forms. (They are exclusively wine amphorae.) One of the best-known type of amphora (Fig. 1, No. 2.) is the Rhodian

3. Most of the amphora finds in Pannónia belong to this type. There are a number of these * I would like to thank Stephen Greep for correcting the English version. ' inv.no.: M66, OR/

19, Stamp on the upper part of the handle. Bearded theatre mask in oval framework. 2 Bezeczky 1993a, No. 1. Fig. 2. 3 A detailed description in Riley 1979, 147-148; Peacock - Williams 1986, 102-104 summarising Peacock earlier works; Panella 1976, 615. note 8; Grace 1979-2. Fig. 62.