Folia archeologica 39.
Viola T. Dobosi - Béla Jungbert - Árpád Ringer - István Vörös: Öskőkori telep Nadapon
20 VIOLA T. DOBOSI —BÉLA JUNGBERT — ÁRPÁD RINGER —ISTVÁN VÖRÖS expectations, along with other special features. The Velence hills do not attain the average height of mid-mountains, which suggests a difference between the vegetation and fauna of the hills and the plains of Mezőföld in the Pleistocene, as well. The basin of Lake Velencei must have been filled with water by the end of the Ice Age, so the place of the settlement was defined not by the vicinity of the water, but by the valley dividing the two massives of the Velence hills (today a road leads through it). The old valley, filled periodically since the end of the Terciary, often with re-washed, redeposited granite rubble and sand. The settlement can be found at the entrance to a small side-valley stratching towards the plains. At the end of the Würm during a period free of radical relief formating forces it was covered with a several metres thick homogenous loess. Due to the basically different settlement requirements, it very rarely occurs that a palaeolithic and later site can be found in direct superposititon. This lucky situation, for which we hoped at the start, was only partly met in Nadap. We can only suppose, with the help of the scattered finds collected in the vicinity, that the pit is neolithic. The fact that on the side of the valley prehistoric settlement phenomena can be observed in the humus above a palaeolithic settlement will achieve importance only after examining the factors, specifically characteristic of the given age, which were considered in choosing the location of the settlement. Thus, after the accumulation of a sufficient amount of information we may try to put into words the mystical potential energies of the various geographical points and areas. Up until that time we may say that Nadap is one of the temporarily inhabited hunters' camps, which are situated along the traditionally constant routes of animal migrations, with seasonal changes of direction. In respect to its geographical position it fits in with the settlement chain, which, though not contemporary „ surrounded the East Transdanubian area, the Mezőföld: Ságvár, Dunaföldvár and now Nadap at the foot ôf the Velence hills to the Northwest. The quantity and the quality of the excavation observations cannot reach the informational level expected from undisturbed and totally excavated settlements. Beside the nonsystematical, quick and large-scale earth works we feel very lucky to have been able to uncover an undisturbed surface of 80 m 2. The original valley was first disturbed by the stone quarry and the building of the shooting range. This, in any case, did not touch the palaeolithic settlement. The first finds were turned up 1,5 — 2 meters from it during the exploitation of the unsystematically scttered sand pits, from where enthousiastic amateurs collected them. At the start of the excavations the bottom of the quarry and the adjoining sand pits was an artifically formed surface, partly covered by vegetation. The original thickness of the loess covering the cultural layer could be estimated only through the elongation of the still standing walls at the top of the valley. The first finds were found in profile A, so the settlement level could be expected at cca 30 cm under the present surface. This was the first excavation level, and after collecting the finds from it we deepened the whole unearthed territory. The plan of the excavations display two levels of excavation together (Fig. 5). Under the second level of excavation, at a depth of 40 cm we reached the unlevelled granite rubble, which contained no archaeological finds.
