Folia archeologica 38.
THE PILISSZÁNTÓ — I. ROCK-SIIELTER REVISION 27 The microlithic technique This technique is known from numerous sites from the Urals to the Atlantic and from the Paudorf (Arcy, Denekamp, Mende Upper etc.) on — that is from the older Upper Palaeolithic until the Mesolithic. Ventral face retouch is a slightly more diagnostic trai than the previous one. It is known in tool assemblages which contain Gravettian points from the Rhine valley to the South Russian steppe, in the period between 25 000 and the Holocene. 3 5 At MainzLinsenberg the proportion of backed blades is 30 per cent, and flat ventral face retouch also makes its appearence. 3 6 At the same time, both, these typological features have been reported from the Gönnersdorf site that is younger by at least an entire climatic phase. 3 7 As regards the regions which had a greater influence on the history of the central parts of the Carpathian Basin, the new culture characterized by backed blades, Gravettian points and, partly, by flat ventral face retouch, appears in layer 5 of Willendorf II. The internal development of this culture could be traced until layer 9 on this site. 3 s This internal development is reflected not only in the changed of the characteristics of different types, but also in the changes of their proportions within the toolassemblage. According to Felgenhauer backed blades, blades, with flat ventral face retouch and Gravettian points are among the distinctive features of the industry at Aggsbach. In 1951 he assigned this site to the Upper Aurignacian (Aurignacian V, with shouldered blades). This old publication and somewhat outhdated terminology is mentioned here because it is one of the rare papers whose author also quotes Hungarian analogies: in tracing the origins of obsidian, he mentioned Pilisszántó. 3 9 In connection with ventral face workmanship, to a few words on the Swiderian are necessary. According to J. K. Kozlowski and S. K. Kozlowski, the Swiderian can be characterised as follows: the ecological change following the end of the Alleröd interstadial, had again created tundra vegetation in the Southern Polish lowlands, with a dominance of rein deer. This obviously affected the material culture as well, since it compelled the aboriginal population to switch to a new, specialized way of life. Where ever ecological changes are evident, there appear new cultures, that can be interpreted as the adaptation of the Late Palaeolithic population to the new environment. One of these adaptations is Swiderian: a younger derivative of the Lyngby culture distributed on the northern margin of the Alleröd forest zone. It can be characterized by shouldered points. 4 0 J. Hillebrand was the first to suggest possible influences from the Swiderian, an Early Holocene culture rooted in the Gravettian, on the industries of the Car3 5 K. J. Narr 1955.; Bergovaja 1960, 1984. 3 0 Halm 1969, 80. Fig. 5, 7. 3 7 Bosinski 1969, 24., abb. 13. 3 8 Velgenbauer 1956-1959. Abb. 29, 43, 44. 3 9 Felgenbauer 1951, 236-237. 4 0 Kollow s ki— Kozlowski 1979, 57-59.
