Folia archeologica 38.

THE PILISSZÁNTÓ — I. ROCK-SIIELTER REVISION 9 1957. In the upper yellow cave clay layer of the Jankovich cave L. Vértes found an industry related to that of the Pilisszántó rock shelter. He tried to correlate the layers of the rock shelter with the climatic phases of the Late Würm. On the basis of the not exactly authentic data then available to him he concluded that the sedimentation in the Pilisszántó I. rock shelter had started in the tundra phase of the Würm 2 and lated till the Alleröd. This period covers also the duration of the Pilisszántó culture. He proposed that this new name be also employed for the other industries known from the Late Glacial sediments of the Transdanubian caves (Pilisszántó, Jankovich, Kiskevély)

8. The Pilisszántó industry is unusually poor in tool types, but the manufacture of implements is on a high technological level and the whole assemblage has a homogeneous character. According to L. Vértes this phenomena can be explained by overspecialization („Höhleneskimo" theory). This population which inhabited the caves of the northest corner of Transdaubia was influenced by the Swiderian and Gravettian and had genetic links with the Gravettian population living in the steppe. The Pilisszántó industry, however, shows so many individual features that the distinctive names „Höhlengravettian, or „Höhlenepigravettian" are used with good reason. Microlithic industries outside Hungary are mostly known from open-air sites (Western Magdalenian, Hamburgian, Swiderian, Federmesser) and represent the cultures and facies of the same period (from Würm 2 to the Mesolithic)." 1957. In his-unpublished candidate's dissertation

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0 J. Stieber gives a detailed account of the charcoal samples collected from the rock shelter. Unfortunately it is by now practically impossible to establish which samples represent the botanical material published by Kormos in his 1915 monograph. Kormos had collected charcoal from all the three layers; they were determined by F. Hollendonner - though only in part satisfactorily.

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1 Lower diluvium yielded Coniferae. Ulmus, Quercus, Fraxinus, while the Middle diluvium yielded Coniferae and Оnercits. The fragments of branches were unsuitable for species determination, but the genera are still thrive in the region today. In his dissertation Stieber mentioned 156 charcoal samples, of which 147 belong to deciduous trees and the other 19 to coniferae. He managed to determine the exact stratigraphical position only in one case; the lower, yellowish brown layer yielded Corjlus, Cornus

, Carpinus, Acer, Tilia, Fraxinus and Quercus, suggesting the presence of a deciduous forests rich in species, and mixed with Pinns and Abies.

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2 1959. In his analysis of the Glacial sediments of caves Vértes maintains his 1957 opinion. According to him the age of the layer sequence in the rock-shelter covers the period between Würm 2 and the Boreal phase.

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3 He reconstructs the climate as follows : the lowermost layer (Kormos' layer D 7) of the rock shelter had been deposited during a cold, humid period (though char8 Vértes 1957, 3-16. 9 Vértes 1957, 15-16. 1

0 Stieber 1957, 364. 1

1 Kormos 1915, 483-494. 1

2 Stieber 1957, 364-366. 1

3 Vértes 1959, 102-108.