Folia archeologica 36.

Viola T. Dobosi: Ékszerek, hangszerek, különös tárgyak a magyarországi őskőkorban

36 VIOLA 'Г. DOBOSI gards the possible original sounds made by the flute. Since the raw material of our copy differs from that of the original flute differences in tune may result. During my experiments the combination of opening and covering the fingerholes and the end of the flute resulted the following sounds (Fig. 3.). The method of making the different sounds: — fis

2 finger holes N

o

s 1—2 are closed, end is closed — es

3 finger-hole № 1 is open, №2 is closed, end is closed — fis

3 a.) finger-holes N

o

s 1—2 are open, end is closed (it produces sound with difficulties) using weak blowing b.) finger-hole № 1 is open, № 2 is closed, end is open (it produces sound easily) c.) finger-holes N

o

s 1—2 are closed, end is open (it produces sound easily) a

3 finger-hole № 1 is closed, №2 is open, end is open b

3 a.) finger-holes N

o

s 1—2 are closed, end is closed (strong blowing is necessary) b.) finger-holes N

o

s 1—2 are open, end is open h

3 a.) finger-hoe № 1 is closed, N° 2 is open, end is closed b.) finger-hole № 1 is open, № 2 is closed, end is closed (it recquires strong blowing, and produces sound with difficulties) c.) finger-holes N

o

s 1—2 are open, end is closed Volume: fis

2, es

3, fis

3, a

3, b

3, h

3. We have to emphasize that changes in pitch in ± semitone distances are possible because of the quality and character of the completed flute, the strength and angle of blowing and the temperature of the musical instrument. The best proofs of this possibility are the tones produced during Z. Horusitzky's experiments. He created the following sounds using a copy of the flute completed by himself: g

2, e

3, a

3, b

3, h

3 while I produced the following ones: fis

2, es

3, fis

3, a

3, b

3, h

3. The lower two sounds created by our present copy completed with wax are deeper by two semitones (small second): fis

2 instead of g

2 and es

3 instead of e

3. During my experiments a

3 was not emitted when both ends of the tube were closed, however, when the end was open I could produce it. I got a new sound, the sixth, fis

3, which was emitted when the end was both closed and opened. b

3

—h

3 were emitted with the end closed, too. The number of sounds and their combinations make the playing of tunes beyond any doubt possible. For this reason, the Istállóskő cave find may be unambiguously categorized with in the flute group.