Folia archeologica 35.

~20 ISTVÁN VÖRÖS a relic of a bear-cult originated from here. The head was cut from the neck just behind the skull and the head in the hide (together with the folded all hide or stuffed ?) was put into the hindermost part of the cave. Layer V : Autumn-winter depot base site. Within the cave in front there were a hide depot and an eating place. Layer VI: Hunters'autumn camp, satellite site. ENVIRONMENT RECONSTRUCTION»

2 Layer I — Au. I: Among hunted animals beside forest species, steppe species like Hyaena, Putorius and forest-steppe species like Bos, Bison occur in greatest quantity. The Rangifer shows minimum occurrence beside the maximum occurrence of mountain Rupicapra-Capra. The relative dominance relations of mammal species refer to a period of a more continental climate than that of the layers over it. Layer I I : — Lower microfauna stratum — moist-temperate climate. Average July temperature: 16,55 C°. Steppe species Cricetus, Citellus and boreal M. oeconomus reach their maximum occurrence. Beside the ptarmigan (62—70 %) and the capercaillie (1,7—2,6 %) which appear in the cave sediment in nearly unchanged ratio, in this layer we find the lowermost ratio of villow grouse (15,32 %) and a relatively high ratio of black grouse (12,35 %). Layer III — Au. II: At the top of the layer moist-temperate climate; upper level: dry-cold; middle level: moist-warm; lower level: moist-warm. Summarized average July temperature: 17,46 C°. The ratio of the steppe species is decreasing in the microfauna while that of the river-side Arvicola increased. The ratio of Talpa and willow grouse were also increasing and the ratio of black grouse (14,80 %) here is the highest. Forest species are dominant among hunted animals; brown bear, wild cat, Alces and Equus appear here. Mountain Rupicapra-Capra show decreasing while Rangifer shows an increasing occurrence. Layer IV: In the period of the occupation connected with the big hearth there was a dry cold climate; in the lower part it was moist and temperate. In the microfauna the ratio of steppe species is the lowest here and river-side Arvicola shows also the minimum of its occurrence. Talpa culminates in this layer, a single Sus remain of the cave originates by all means from the lower part of this layer. The ratio of willow grouse increased further, while that of the black grouse decreased. Layer V : Dry-cold climate. The ratio of Rupicapra-Capra increased further, among Tetraonidae the ratio of willow grouse also increased while that of the black grouse decreased. 3

2 Botanical data: Sárkány, S., Botanikai Közi. 36 (1939) 329—345.; Mottl, M., op. cit. (1944) 50.; Bad., op. cit. (1945) 1548.; Vertes, L., op. cit. (1951a) 22—23.; Sárkány, S.—

Stieber, ]., Acta Arch. Hung. 5(1955) 211—234.; Microfauna: Jánossy, D., op. cit. (1955) 154.; Birds (Avcs): Id. op. cit. (1955) 153—154.. 172—.; Id.. oo. cit. (1954) 205—223.