Folia archeologica 31.
István Vörös: Zoológiai és palaeoökonómiai vizsgálatok a korai neolitikus Körös kultúra archaeozoologiai anyagán
46 I. VÖRÖS Epiphysis dimensions of long bones (in mms) : proximal epiph. of humerus breadth diameter Maroslele-Pana 21 29 distal epiph. of radius Röszke-Ludvár 21,3 13 distal epiph. of tibia Röszke-Ludvár 21,5 16,5 Length of tibia: 153 mms. The withers-height of the dog from Röszke-Ludvár estimated by the Koudelka method 5 3 is 460,3 mms; which means a medium body height. On the basis of the described morphological characteristics 5 4 the skull of a dog found at Röszke-Ludvár belongs to a male. II. HUNTED ANIMALS During the Early Neolithic, like in the later prehistorical periods, hunting was first of all an activity to complete the food-supply. 5 5 S. Bökönyi regards the Neolithic hunting as an economic activity exclusively connected with and subordinated to domestication 5 6 and later as a compensation for the decrease of agricultural production developed as a consequence of the climatic deterioration at the end of the Neolithic. 5 7 The bone remains of wild mammals found at the settlements of the Körös Culture represent 6,87 — 34,38 per cent of the whole bone material. This quantity is considerably varying at the different settlements (Tables 1,2). The following questions arise with good reason : what determines the quantitative/ qualitative composition of the osteological material of wild mammals found at a given settlement? To which degree the osteological material of a settlement represents the actual wild mammal fauna existed in the vicinity of the settlement? The qualitative composition and quantitative relations of the osteological material of wild mammals came to light in archeological sites depend partly on the composition of the natural wild mammal fauna, partly on the nature of hunting. In that time the quantitative result of hunting probably still reflect the real frequency relations within the stock of hunted animals, 5 8 5 3 Koudelka, F., Das Verhältniß der Ossa longa zur Skeletthöhe bei den Säugethieren. Verhandl. d. Naturforsch. Ver. 24.1(1886) 137., 151. 5 4 Bökönyi, S., op.cit. 1974. 318., 555-556. Fig. 136. 5 5 Vörös, /., A magyarországi subfossilis szarvaspopulációk archaeozoológiai vizsgálata. (Diss.) In MS (Debrecen 1975) 76-77. s 6 Bökönyi, S., Acta Arch. Hung. 14(1962) 184.; Id., op.cit. 1974. 114. 8 7 Id., op.cit. 1977. 13. 5 8 Kretzoi, M., Étude paléontologique. In : Gábori—Csánk, V., La station du Paléolithique Moyen d'Érd, Hongrie. Mon.Hist. 3. (Budapest 1968) 86.
