Folia archeologica 27.

István Ecsedy: Két neolitikus idol Kelet-Magyarországról

Two NEOLITHIC IDOLS 43 Fig. 1a. Neolithic idol. Szeghalom

:Kovácsdomb 1a. ábra. Újkőkori idol. Szeghalom-Kovácsdomb connected, though the Szeghalom specimen has a rougher finish. This is demonstrated by analogous statuettes, related to both of them, as well as by a correspondence of single motifs, which throw a light, at the same time, to their chronological position and cultural connections. The closest parallels to our idols are those found at the sites Miskolc-Fűtőház,

:

! Polgár-Tikos,

4 Tiszadada-Kálvinháza,

5 demonstrated also by the shape of the idols in question, reminding of flat prisms. The main features of the modelling of these figurines are also homogeneous. The fragmentary flat idol of Miskolc-Fűtőház was found in a settlement of the Bükk culture. Its decoration and the modelling of the lower part can be brought in connection with the Szeghalom find as well as with the Körösladány one. The carefully executed meander pattern indicating the clothing surrounds the vulva, indicated by a deep incision, similarly as on the Szeghalom idol, though the decoration of this latter is more superficial.® Apart from the modelling of the shoulders the garments are similarly represented on the idol of Polgár-Tikos. Here the decoration - meandroid and of an irregular zig-zag pattern — spreads also over 3 Korek,]., FA 11(1959) 14.,Figs.4:

1-2.; Csalog,]., Arch.

Ért. 87(1960) 194.; Höckmann, О., Idolplastik der Theiß- und Bükk-Kultur. JbRGZM 13(1966) 18, 20. 4 Korek, J., op. cit. 14-16., Figs. 4: 3-4.; Höckmann, О., Idolplastik . . . 27. 5 Ibid. Í5-16., Figs. 4:3-4.; Ka/ic

z, N., Clay Gods. Hereditas. (Bp. 1970) 31, 74., Figs. 16-17.; Idole. Katalog Nr. 55. Pl. IX. c As we may take the Miskolc idol as a representation of a kneeling woman, we cannot accept, unreservedly, the remark of József Csalog, according to which the deep incision on the lower part of the idol cannot be regarded, because of the opposite situation of the toes, as the representation of the vulva. See above note 3, further: Ka/icz, N., op. cit. 31., Figs. 14—15.; Lichardi/s, J

., Studien zur Bükker Kultur. Saarbrücker Beiträge zur Altertumskunde, 12. (Bonn 1974) 56-57.; Höckmann, too, regards the schematised idols, modelled without extremities, as representation of kneeling, squatting women. Höckmann, О., Andeutungen . . . 194. We may take the statuette of Szeghalom with an ovoid, rounded lower part as a such one.