Folia archeologica 27.

Viola T. Dobosi: Őskori telep Demjén-Hegyeskőbércen

18 V. T. DOBOSI ing the settlement,

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8 we have to underline the fact that both the archaeological find material and the features of the settlement are alien from our northearstern Mesolithic with its rough implement. The incoherent stone packing occasionally occurring in the trapezoid houses of Padina, Lepenski Vir or other settlements of the Iron Gate does not point to any connections. It seems that tent foundations of a square ground-plan with stone packing were in use only at the very end of the Ice Age, in the Mesolithic, but their use was, even at that time, not general. In previous times tents or huts with rounded corners, generally of a pole construction, were built.

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9 Later, in the Neolithic Age, the dwelling objects were changed all over Europe. The features of the settlement became unified, especially in the Linear Pottery culture. The earliest Neolithic houses of the Carpathian basin are divided by O. Trogmayer in two groups: those resembling field huts and others in a form with walls over soil surface, with saddle roof construction.

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0 In Hungary the houses of the Tisza culture are known best. Generally they are oblong, rarely square, rectangular or with slightly rounded corners, with a floor rammed and coated with mud, their vertical walls are of a wattle-and-daub construction, the postholes mark the construction of the wooden structure of the walls distinctly. The houses of the Bükk culture fit in well with the general aspect of Neolithic settlements. The length of their sides varies between 3 and 5 m, they are of a square form, with postholes, occasionally with plastered floor and fireplaces.

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8 D. Srejovic defines the already Preboreal Vlasac (6800-8300) and the Proto-Lepenski Vir still as Epipaleolithic, taking only the early stage of Padina and the first settlement layer of Lepenski Vir for Protoneolithic in the Boreal period. 1

9 In France e.g. Bordes, F., Emplacements de tentes du périgordien supérieur évolué à Corbiac. Quartär 19(1968) 251-262.; In Central Europe: Klíma, В., Dolní Vèstonice. Erforschung eines Lagerplatzes der Mammutjäger in den Jahren 1947-1952. (Praha 1963) 207.; Here we can mention also the objets, few in number, discovered in Hungary, as the house grounds of Sárvár, the circle of 5 m in diameter, consisting of flint chips, found at Arka, further some sporadic traces in the Danube-Bend, at Dömös and Vác, indicating the existence of circular or oviform abodes. Gábori, M., Acta Arch.Hung. 17(1965) 111-127.; Gábori, M., Acta Arch.Hung. 16(1964) 171-186. note 7.; Vertes, L., Das Jungpaläolithikum von Arka in Nord-Ungarn. Quartär 15/16(1964/65) 81.; In Eastern Europe the dwellings of the well-known large settlements of the Ukraine: Boriskovskij, P. I., Paleolit Ukrainy. MIA 40. (Moskva 1953) 186. (Puskari); Kogacev, A. N., Aleksandrovskoe poselenie drevnekamennogo veka u sela Kostenki na Donu. MIA 45. (Moskva 1955) 13. (Kostenki IV); Boriskovskij, P. I., Ocerki po paleolitu bassejna Dona. MIA 121. (Moskva 1963) Kostenki II. 2

0 Trogmayer, O., Arch.Ert. 93(1966) 235-240. With a copious literature on contemporary cultures. Trogmayer, O., A Dél-Alföld korai neolitikumának főbb kérdése. Manuscript of a dissertation, qualifying for a candidate's degree. (1968) 4. 2

1 Banner, ]., A kökénydombi neolitkori telep. (Szeged 1931) 15.; Banner, J., Dolg. 5(1929) 115-131.; Banner, J., Dolg. 9-10(1933-34) 54-73.; Ga

Zdapns

Z/ai, Gy„ MFMÉ 1963:1.24.; A house type of large dimensions of the Transdanubian Neolithic age, closely connected with Central and Western Europe, was excavated at Sukoro: Makkay, J., A kőkor és rézkor. . . 19-20.; Korek, J., A tiszai kultúra. Manuscript of a dissertation, qualifying for a candidate's degree. (1973) 132-146., Figs. 8, 15, 18, 25.; Korek, J.-Patay, P., A bükki kultúra elterjedése Magyarországon. RF II: 2. (Bp. 1958); Licbardus, /., Studien zur Bükker Kultur. Saarbrücker Beiträge zur Altertumskunde, 12. (Bonn 1974) 18-19.