Folia archeologica 23.

Tibor Kovács: Askoi, Bird-Shaped Vessels, Bird-Shaped Rattles in Bronze Age Hungary

IO T. KOVÁCS culture (Wietenberg), in the Perjámos-culture (Perjámos).

3

1 From the region west of the Danube, three askoi are known from the period. An article written by Gábor Bándi helps to clarify the circumstances connecting the Kecskéd

3

2 and Felsőörs

3

3 objects.

3

4 By their shape, both pieces resemble the Füzesabony/2 askos (Fig. I. no. ß) and the fragment derived from Ároktő-Dongóhalom (our 3. subtype), some of the details being (the horizontal rib, indented dots on surface) entirely identical. An askos deriving from Papkes-jj deserves special notice

—it is today in the National Museum of Prague.

3

5 Its ornamentation and its shape, dissimilar from the above-mentioned, makes us suppose that it was made by a group of the North-Transdanubian people of incrusted pottery. In the askos of Felsőörs, 360 buttons were concealed by its owner. They are conical, with embossed ornamentation round-wise, made of bronze plates and can be swen on pieces of clothing. Similar bronze buttons were collected by Amália Mozsolics.

3

6 The Felsőörs find is a piece from the treasure-hoard closing the independent life of the North-Danubian group of people of incrusted pottery. With consideration to the latter fact, the Felsőörs askos may be considered as one of the youngest Flungarian pieces. In addition, two other askoi may be mentioned, neither of which have been published. We can find in the Szolnok Museum a large-sized askos, on four tiny legs, which came from Nag/rev within circumstances unkown.

3

7 Its shape is largely dissimilar from the so far mentioned Hungarian pieces. Its surface is covered by a combination of motifs made up of smouth lines and embossed large dots, reminding more of the Füzesabony than the products of the late Hatvan culture.

38 From Tiszafüred, on the site of cemeteries from different periods, emerged as a unique find in 1966 an anthropomorphic askos. Between 1965—72 at the Tiszafüred-Majoros site, more than 1000 graves have been unearthed from the cultures of late-Hatvan, Füzesabony and tumulus.

3

9 It would be, therefore, impossible to date with any precision the askos on the ground of the circumstances of the finding. However, indirect data are furnished by the plastic features of the face, striving for realistic expression (e. g) fragment of face from Tószeg, anthropomorphic urn fragments from Dunaújváros and MendeLeányvár, statuesque hands 31 Roska,M., Erdély régészeti repertóriuma. (Kolozsvár 1942) 224., Fig. 270

.-The shape of the much quoted piece differs considerably from other Hungarian askoi but it refers most pronouncedly to antecedents in South-Eastern Europe. Cf. Nestor, /., Der Stand der Urgeschichtsforschung in Rumänien. BRGK 22(1932) 86-87-\Milojcic, VI., op. cit. 116. 3

2 Dusek, M., A kecskédi és monostori bronzkori temető. RF 11:8. (Bp. i960) 38., Pl. IV. no. 3. 3

3 Dax,M., RF 1:2o. (Bp. 1967) 12. ; Magyarország Régészeti Topográfiája. II. (Bp. 1969) 91., Fig. 14. 34 Bándi, G., MFME 1969. 47-60. 3

5 Hasek, /., Zvástní tvar severopanonské inkrustované keramiky z Madarska. CNM 130(1961) 129-130., Fig. I. nos. ia-c. 3

6 Mozsolics, Л., Bronzefunde des Karpatenbeckens. (Bp. 1966) 94.; Cf. Bona, /., Acta Arch. Hung. 9(1958) 224. 3

7 Damjanich János Múzeum, Szolnok. Inv. no.: 62.20.1. 3

8 This askos will be published in an other article. Its date will also be discussed there. 39 Cf. Note 3.