Folia archeologica 18.
Tibor Kovács: Eastern Connections of North-Eastern Hungary in the Late Bronze Age
EASTERN CONNECTIONS OF HUNGARY 53 no. 1) occurs in the material from different periods. 8 8 The spherical calotte-shaped ornaments (Fig. 18, nos. 6—7) and the plain wire rings are common types of the Bronze Age. We can more easily date the two pin types in the finds. On the basis of their Italian and Austrian parallels the pins (cf. Fig. 18, no. 2) with thickened stens from Csabrendek decorated with zig-zag lines on their upper parts are assigned to the R BD period by F. Kőszegi. 8 9 The conical-headed pin representing a much less characteristic type (Fig. 18, no. 3) also occurs among the finds dated to the R BD period. 9 0 T. Kemenczei mentions in his study treating part of the hoards of the Nyírség 9 1 that a few finds of the Opályi horizon (Demecser —Badarász Island, the property of M. Fráter at Kemecse, Kemecse Orvosdomb-dűlő, Pátroha) are distinguished from the rest by the fact that they also contain western types (e. g., sickle with prolonged tang, spear-head with curved edges). 9 2 According to the results of A. Mozsolics and more recently to that of T. Kemenczei the local types and those of eastern origin as well as types originating from the west (Kemenczei) occur together among the finds typical of Opályi. These data seem to support the results of our above mentioned examinations according to which among the finds of the Berkesz —Demecser type (Figs. 11—18) the local type, and the eastern and western ones occur together. Especially the role of the latter and the way of their reaching North-Eastern Hungary are difficult to define, just as it is also impossible today to determine what influence the relation traceable through the metal finds of the two areas had on the development of the peoples of the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in North-Eastern Hungary. This question may be answered — at least in reference to the development of the metallurgy of Eastern Hungary — by dealing with all the hoards of the Nyírség. As a fact we do not have a single vessel form among the finds of the Berkesz —Demecser type which shows relation to 9 3 the material of the late tumulus culture 9 4 or to that of the Csórva group. 9 5 On the basis of the results of our examination up to now an attempt can be made to determine the chronological position of the Berkesz —Demecser ethnic group and its origin. In the material of the Egyek and Felsőszőcs groups whose areas of settlements and cultural characteristics are clearly distinguishable, we do not have a single find which shows relation to the relics of peoples living in the last phase of the Late Bronze Age (R BD). This proves that the independent development of the Egyek and Felsőszőcs groups did not continue in this phase of the Late 8 8 Cf. Hampel, J., op. cit. Pl. CCXXV, no. 3. (Szob, Kavicsbánya) Pl. CXXVI, no. 6. (Tamásfalva), Pl. CLXXIII, nos. 19—25. (Tiszaszentimre) ; it also occurs in the hoard of Pap assigned by Kemenczei to the finds of the Opályi type (Jósa, A. —Kemenczei, T., op. cit. 23., Pl. XLVI, no. 5.). 8 9 Kőszegi, F., Acta Arch. Hung. 12 (I960) 142, 178. 9 0 Mithay, S., Bronzkori kultúrák Győr környékén. (Bronze Age cultures in the vicinity of Győr). (Győr 1942) Pl. XV, no. 5. — Koroncó-Bábota (cf. Kőszegi, F., op. cit. 143, 178.) ; Trogmayer, О., Acta Arch. Hung. 15(1963) 111., Pl. XXIX, no. 1. 9 1 Jósa, A.—Kemenczei, T., op. cit. 42. 9 2 There are a few fragments probably of a sickle with prolonged tang among the finds from Szakoly. 9 3 Kőszegi, F., op. cit. 137—145. ; Kovács, T., Alba Regia 4—5 (1963—64) 201—203. 9 4 Trogmayer, О., loc. cit. 9 5 It should be mentioned that an urn of the Noa-Komarovo type came to light from the cemetery of the Late Tumulus Culture at Sárbogárd (cf. Fig. 12, no. 15).
