Folia archeologica 18.
Tibor Kovács: Eastern Connections of North-Eastern Hungary in the Late Bronze Age
32 T. KOVÁCS of the cemeteries of Berkesz and Demecser forming the basis of the study (with a great number of graves according to the descriptions) does not derive from authentic excavations. From this it follows that 1. we do not know the arrangement of the cemeteries and the social structure, statements concerning the horizontal or vertical position of ethnical components are reduced to a minimum and even these are only hypothetical ; 2. the graves of the treated cemeteries were unearthed during various earthwork operations at the beginning of the century (and the hnds are confused). Consequently the available material contains also the mixed grave-goods of the dead buried at different times. Thus the assemblages of hnds forming the basis of the present study have been recombined and as such may be characteristical of a particular period but not of any developmental stage of a social-cultural unit (culture, group). The treatment is made even more difncult by the fact that a considerable part of the material consists of single stray hnds. The frequency of their occurrence is helpful in determining the centre of a particular area, but still it gives a small chance to set its limits. In light of all these difficulties, the present publication of the collected finds seems to be necessary mainly because the bronze finds of North-Eastern Hungary suggesting a developed Bronze Age culture will remain only chronologically determinable, having a limited scientific proof value until the peoples who made them and their cultures are not known. In order to compensate for this deficiency, a small contribution is the limited treatment of the finds of the Berkesz —Demecser type. The sites of the finds of the Berkesz —Demecser type. Alsóberecki Haraszti-dűlő. (I) 1 5 Urn cemetery. 1 6 Apagy-Templomtér. (44) Stray finds. Jósa András Museum, Nyíregyháza (hereafter quoted as JAM, Nyíregyháza). Inv. no. 57.249.1—4. According to A. Jósa's record all four vessels came to light from the Square in front of the Reformed church. 1. Cup with handle, shoulder decorated with vertical ribs and grooves. Brown, intact. H. 10.6 cm, d. mouth 11,7 cm, d. base 4.9 cm (Fig. 16, no. 10). 2. Cup with handle, row of holes on the everted rim, shoulder decorated with close incisions. Yellow, intact. H. 5.6 cm, d. mouth 9.1 cm, d. base 1.2 cm (Fig. 16, no. 8). 3. Cup, everted rim, short neck, handle rises high above the rim. Shoulder decorated with vertical grooves. Grey, intact. H. 6.6 cm, d. mouth 7.5 cm, d. base 2 cm (Fig. 16, no. 9). 4. Cup, with handle, everted rim. Brown, intact. H. 5.2 cm, d. mouth 6.6 cm (Fig. 16, no. 2). From Apagy, from a site more closely undetermined, the Museum possesses a dish with an incurved rim decorated with a row of warts. Brown, intact. H. 8.4 cm, d. mouth 24 cm, d. base 7.2 cm (Fig. 16, no. 13). Inv. no. 63.938.1. Apagy — Nagyharaszti puszta. (45) Stray finds. JAM, Nyíregyháza. Inv. no. 64.928.1—2. According to the collector, S. Erdész, they likely derive from a cemetery. 1. Cup, belly decorated with incised lines filled with lime. Brown, a piece missing at the handle. H. 6,4 cm, d. base 2.9 cm (Fig. 16, no. 11). 2. Cup with handle, belly decorated with vertical ribs and grooves. Brown, fragmentary. H. 8.7 cm, d. mouth 11.5 cm, d. base 4 cm (Fig. 16, no. 12). 1 5 The numbers placed in brackets after the name of the sites refer to the corresponding place on the map (Fig. 19). l r; Kalicz , N., Arch. Ért. 85 (1958) 200. ; Patek, E., RF 1:11. (Bp. 1959) 14. ; Kalicz, N., Arch. Ért. 87 (1960) 5. ; N. Kalicz and E. Patek unearthed 63 urn graves. Here I want to express my thanks to É. Patek, who will publish the material of the cemetery, for making it possible for me to see the finds.
