Folia archeologica 3-4.

Banner János: Badeni leletek a szabolcsmegyei vissről

BANNER: FINDS OF THE BADEN CULTURE. FROM VISS (COUNTY SZABOLCS) 41 22. Bowl with high rim (Pl. I, fig. 5). The bottom shaped and the lower part hemispherical. Somewhat pouched at the junction with the upper part. The upper part continues concavely and ends in the slightly widened rim. Reddish in colour, well fired and refined. Height 10-3 cm, diameter at the mouth 14-8 cm and at the base 5-5 cm. 23. Small cup (Pl. II, fig. 8) decorated with flutings. The lower part quite globular with rounded base. The neck cylindrical. The one specimen among the finds reminiscent of the earliest forms. The handle is broken off and the complete form cannot be reconstructed. Dark grey in colour, well refined and fired. Being fragmentary the measurements cannot be determined exactly. 24. Vessel (Pl. II, fig. 5) decorated with flutings and reconstructed from large fragments. The bottom shaped, the lower part a truncated cone, the sides of the upper part curved. The upright rim carefully smoothed. On the belly are two warts definitely stressed.

5 The flutings do not follow the direction of definite lines. Well executed and fired. Grey in colour. Height 26 cm, diameter at the mouth 21 cm, at the belly 275 cm and at the base 10 cm. Vessels nos. 13—24 came from the same site but the conditions of their finding are unknown. Concerning the finds of Viss two phenomena deserve special attention. The one is the occurrence of the vessels in heaps or placed separately, and the other the cremated interments. To the former Mr. Bayer first drew attention, when publishing the material from the settlement of Ossarn.

6 In connection with this material he mentioned several foreign analogies from the same age or at least from a near age, with which we therefore are not going to deal in detail. But we have to mention that the same phenomenon was noticed on the settlement of the Baden culture at Hódmezővásárhely on the Bodzáspart on the occasion of the trial excavation

7 as well as during the two excavations on the Balog- and Banga - farms.

8 The repeated occurrence of this phenomenon on the aforementioned settlement, as well as on the site of Makó-Vöröskereszt 9-where the finds are ássigned by the bowl from Zók- and on the present site, demonstrate that this custom was if not generally, then widely accepted and not only in this culture but also in the flourishing period of the cultures from the same age, or a near age. 5 Identical specimens with warts are known from Apátdomb at Keszthely and from Fonyód-Bélapuszta. See latter: Bericht 1934—35. Pl. 17, fig! 7. 6 Eiszeit, 1928, vol. V, pp. 67—70, Pis. VII—XI. ' Dolgozatok, 1935, vol. XI, pp. 129—131. 8 Dolgozatok, 1940, vol. XVI, now in the press. 9 Dolgozatok, 1939, vol. XV, pp. 77—81. The other phenomenon is the cremated interment found in the urn, losing its characteristic features by being miserably fragmentary. Only the handle of the urn allows it to be classed among the forms of the Stone Age, the potsherds and their manner of execution again show a close connection with the other finds, so it is without doubt, that it belongs to the Baden culture. This determination is specially supported by the material of the two absolutely uniform large vessels (PI. I, fig. 1; Pl. II, fig. 4) of which the form is also known from other settlements of the Baden culture.

1

0 The occurrence of this urn, which can be classed here shows that with cremated interments we have to take into consideration areas situated far from the trans-Danubian region. It is still a question whether this interment is quite contemporary with those of the trans-Danubian region. For the present it is doubtless that here only this one cremated interment occurred. It would not be surprising if in the course of further explorations inhumation burial in contracted attitude should also occur. This is rendered possible also by the fact that we know on the trans-Danubian district two sites where cremated and inhumation interments in contracted attitude occurred together. The one is Békásmegyer

1

1 where with two contracted skeletons a cremated interment also occurred, partly with the same pottery, which in itself proves them to be contemporary, even if this phenomenon had not again occurred on the Öreghegy

1

2 at Szakály. But the common occurrence of the two kinds of interment does not stop at the west frontier of the country. At Leobersdorf

1

3 this phenomenon happened again, and partly also with the same forms of vessels. In all graves described here, appear also these early forms of vessels or only they occur, the early derivation of which has already been demonstrated in the case of the graves

1

4 of the Pap-farm on the Bodzáspart at Hódmezővásárhely. The material of the other known cremated interments does not bring us nearer to the broken 1

0 See the characteristical two handled specimen in the Kassa Museum, origin unknown 'Pl. III

, fig. 20). 1

1 M. A. G. Wien, 1939, pp. 166—173 and Altshlesien, 1936, 6, p. 55. 1

2 Szekszárd Museum, no. 1:39. 1

3 W. P. Z. 1937, XXIV, pp. 17—18. u Fol. Arch. 1939, p. 18.