AZ EGYETEMI KÖNYVTÁR ÉVKÖNYVEI 11. (Budapest, 2003)

II. Egyetem- és felsőoktatástörténet, történettudomány - Ladányi Andor: A magyar felsőoktatás intézményrendszerének változásai a 20. században

Summary Changes in the institutional system of Hungarian higher education in the 20* century This study deals with the changes of the institutional system and network of Hungarian higher education in the 2(f century. In the first period (1900-1919) the main problem was the broadening of the institutional network, establishment of new universities or colleges. After long debates, in 1912 two new universities were founded, however, attempts to organise a second technical university, an agricultural and an economical college failed. In the second period (1919-1945) the institutional network was transformed twice due to territorial changes, and both in the 20s and in the 30s attempts were made for closing certain universities (or faculties) and colleges. In the third period (1945-1989) the institutional system and network was characterised by almost permanent changes. In the beginning of the 50s, numerous new institutions were founded, partly — accoräng to the Soviet model — with the organisation of specialised colleges with narrow educational profile, partly with dismemberment of existing universities. However, a few yean later the majority of the new institutions were closed or fused with others. From the late 50s a series of new institutions were established. With the switch-over to higher level primary school and preschool teacher education, 14 new pedagogical institutions were founded in 1959, then, in the early 60s, 48 post-secondary type "higher technicum" and professional schools were organised These were closed in the late 60s/early 70s, and with the establishment of 'technical, agricultural and economic colleges, the dual institutional system of higher education was developed. However, the dismemberment of the institutional network essentially persisted. Therefore, in the 70s and 80s educational policy considered the necessity of decreasing dismembermnet; these efforts, however, were unsuccessful In the fourth period (in the 90s) every government aimed at the transformation of the institutional network, decreasing its dismemberment; at the same time, numerous — church-owned and private — higher educational institutions were established Finally, based on the Higher Education Law 1999, at the end of the 90s the reorganisation of higher educational state institutional network was accomplished. Twelve integrated universities and 6 integrated colleges were created, thus, the number of higher educational state institutions decreased to 31. The number of church-owned institutions decreased on a minor rate, to 26, with the merger of three theological colleges, while the number of private institutions increased to 11. Therefore, at present 68 higher educational institutions exist in Hungary. 205