Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 1989. 19/3. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 19)
Kovács, Éva: The History of Teaching Vocabulary
- 131 will prart!rally never have exact equivalents in another language. Any attempt, therefore, to approach the meanings of the words in English as a foreign language through a process of tying nr relating the new word in English to a word iff the native language will hinder and may even thwart the effective mastery of the new vocabulary (Fries 1945? 44), The following two ways of teaching vocabulary are suggested by Fries; 1. substitution frames Often substitution frames furnish a simple device for the introduction or the practice of new words. Such 'frames' are sentences of the same pattern and general context, in one part of which it is possible to substitute a variety of new words of the same class, all of them fitting the context. E. g. the answer to the question 'What is tie wearing?' makes a frame in which ttie words for each of ttie articles of clothing can be used. Substituion frames also provide a way nf introducing groups of words for differentiations in ttie same area of experience, E. g. There was considerable moisture on his clothes from the ........... through which he was passing. Here suitable substitutions are such words as fog, dew, cloud, rain . The boy ... a stone through the window. Here some substitutions are threw, tossed, hurled, handed. 2. The other exercise suggested by Fries would lielp to teach ttie connotative meanings of a word. For the problem of many diverse meanings for the same word we employ the opposite of the substitution frame. Instead of keeping the context constant and changing the word we provide a variety of contexts for the same word or vocabulary item - enough so that the distinctive features of the various situations lie come clear and the area of negligible variation marked out. For the word 'board' there are such varied sentences following: He bought several half-inch-thick boards , about three feet long and four inches wide, in order to make a suitable box A small tax increase was voted by al.l the board s of supervisors.
