Tóth Ágnes: Telepítések Magyarországon 1945–1948 között. A németek kitelepítése, a belső népmozgások és a szlovák-magyar lakosságcsere összefüggései (Kecskemét, 1993 [!1994])

Rezümé

country. In. the scope of the Slovak-Hungarian population exhange 60 000 Slovaks of Hungary, and some 90 000 - including the refugees - Hungarians of Slovakia, changed their homes and country. The evalution of the social and economic influences of the migration can be the subject of other researches, present study only draws the attention to some facts, which however, give an idea of the economic, ethnic influences of the process. There is no doubt that regarding both the number of people and economic influences, the German nationality was the most affected minority in the relocations in Hungary. The number of the minority which had a population of almost half a million before the war, decreased by 200-220 000 including the voluntary removals during the war. As a result of this is a considerable proportion of the territory of the country the ethnic composition of the population changed. The predominate of German nationality, which had lasted for centuries, considerably descreased, and swinged over to the majority of Hungarians. The German minority, which shrunk almost to the half of ist previous population, suffered much heavier economic loss than their proportion change. They could keep only a fragment, 150 114 cadastral acres, of their whole lands, ie 23,5% of the 638.337 cadastral acres they possessed in 1941, which amounted to 5,5% of all the landed properties in Hungary. While executing the decrees No. 600/1945. ME. and No. 3820/1945. ME., 239 623 cadastral acres were taken from them, of which 35 508 cadastral acres were landed properties separately above 100 cadastral acres. In the resettlements and movings under the same roof the landed properties of 248 600 cadastral acres, formerly owned by German nationalities, were confiscated. The number of confiscated houseproperties show similar proportions. During the period of limitation of rights 44 750 houses in 60 400 house-properties (74,1%), owned by Germans of Hungary, were confiscated so only 15 650 oroginal owners could keep their houses. The main part of the personal and real properties of resettled Germans cheated out of their rights - 62,6% of all the confiscated real estates - 306 000 cadastral acres, were distributed among new landowners, who undertook their relocations within the country. 7354 families, 30 549 persons in the resettled Hungarians from Slovakia were placed in houses owned by Germans, and they received 88 248 cadastral acres. The average share of the settlers of Hungary were 9, and that of the Hungarians of Slovakia were 12 cadastral acres. The