Urbs - Magyar várostörténeti évkönyv 7. (Budapest, 2012)
Recenziók
Abstracts 591 the early appearance of mendicant orders and the notions of Reformation from the 1540’s in Nagyszombat. The first residents of Nagyszombat were Germans and later on, from the middle of the 15,h century Slovakian and Czech people settled down in the city and in the 16th century there were followed by Hungarians. During the 15th century the number as well as the economic influence of Jewish people increased, but it caused economic conflicts, which were followed by blood libels. These events led to the expulsion of Jewish people in 1539. After the battle of Mohács, the leaders of Nagyszombat - similarly to the nation - accepted Szapolyai as the new rural of the country. However, as Ferdinad’s army approached the city, the leaders of Nagyszombat changed their minds and started to support the Habsburgs in the first days of August 1527. Between 1526 and 1541 noblemen, merchants, craftsmen and their family members took shelter behind the safe city walls of Nagyszombat. Although noblemen wished to use the advantages of the safe position they did not want to abdicate their noble privileges. This occasionally led to conflicts. After the Turkish (Ottoman) threat, the residents of Nagyszombat strengthened the ramparts of the city, hired mercenaries and purchased weapons. The economy of Nagyszombat was not hit hard by the new situation that evolved after the battle of Mohács. Its cooperation became more and more intensive with Buda and Pest. Apart from that Nagyszombat also had connections with Vienna, Nürnberg, Olomouc, Magyarbród and Brno. After 1541 more and more incomers came to live in the city and the richest groups of them were immigrants from Buda and Pest cities. The political situation also changed in the country. In the spring of 1542 instead of Elek Thurzó, Pál Várady the Archdiocese of Esztergom became the new Governor of the country. His residency was seated in Esztergom, but he moved to Pozsony in 1543 because of the Turkish (Ottoman) threats. Besides his duties as the Archdiocese of Esztergom, Pál Várady transformed the lieutenancy into an office in a modern sense. Mihály Muthnoky was appointed to as the head of his court. Pál Várday undoubtedly stressed the importance of schooling and education and because of this several excellent scientists of his century studied in his court. Because of his official duties as the head of the lieutenancy, Pál Várady had his residency in Pozsony and not in his archbishopric center in Nagyszombat. For this reason, Nagyszombat only became the home of the country’s most important ecclesiastical residency during Péter Pázmány’s archdiocese in the 17th century.
