Urbs - Magyar várostörténeti évkönyv 7. (Budapest, 2012)
Recenziók
Abstracts 583 In Esztergom the princely and later on the royal residence, which was the family and administrative center of the early Arpad dynasty, was located on a hill on the bank of the Danube along with the archiépiscopal center. Settlements developed under the Esztergom castle. In 1256 the whole castle was donated to the archbishop of Esztergom. On the Fehérvár plain, which is considered to be the sacred and legislative center of the Arpad dynasty, the early palace and the castle were located in the middle of the settlements. Next to the royal residence there was the king’s private church, the Saint Mary cathedral, which was commissioned as a collegiate church (capitulum collegiale). (This was the scene of royal coronations and funeral services in the Middle Ages.) The re-arranged city took over the role of the early royal castle after the Mongol invasion. It is assumed that the new royal palace was separately located on the comer of the re-arranged city. There is no evidence of its later use, though. It is assumed that on the similarly plain Buda (later it is called Óbuda), the first royal accommodation was in the territory of the early city center, which was bordered by restored Roman walls, next to the royal established Saint Peter’s collegiate church. Sometime in the 1210s - 1220s, a totally new royal residence was built outside the previous city walls with independent ramparts from the city. This royal residence was a royal castle in today’s definition. This new royal palace was already a popular royal residence and a legislative center before the Mongol invasion. After the Mongol invasion Óbuda remained the royal center along with the new Buda until the 13th century, but Óbuda’s significance faded later on. The castle and the palace were donated to the queens from the year 1342. After the Mongol invasion the new Buda was established more southern on a ridge of a hill as a fortified city (castrum). The exact location of the earliest royal residence in the new city is, however, still disputed. A building named Kammerholf was first mentioned in 1301. This building was located on the north side of the city and it was undoubtedly used as a royal residence. It reminded of a royal palace. In 1381/1382 the Kammerholf was no longer the property of the king. It functionally merged into the city. There were, however, two royal buildings in the city between 1347/48 and 1381/1382: in the north there was the above mentioned more civilian royal palace, while in the south there was the separate castle-like building. The latter, which was a royal center from around the 141 Os, significantly influenced the southern part of the city due to its expansion. The two Visegrád castles, which were built after the Mongol invasion, joined together as a fortress: one of them was located on the top of the hill, the other on the hillside. They were originally built as the king’s and queen’s shelter. From the year 1323 Visegrád became the most important royal center and at the same time a new royal palace was built in the city, on the territory of the royal castles. The new royal center was extended and re-built several times but it did not have fortifications. Visegrád was the most popular subordinate residence beside Buda from the 1410s years.
