Pécs és Baranya 1956-ban - Baranyai történelmi közlemények 3. A Baranya Megyei Levéltár Évkönyve 2008 (BML, 2008)

Résumés

János Szolcsányi: The overwhelmed and still triumphant Hungarian revolution and war of independence of 1956 In 1956 the author was a participant of the events of the revolution in Szeged, as a medical student of the University of Szeged. However, academic Szolcsányi was not only a witness to the revolution but also, as a today's intellectual thinker, he expresses his opinion concerning the situation of Hungarian revolution of 1956 in Europe and world history, thus, also about international evaluation on it. The author drafts the antecedents leading to the Hungarian revolution, analysing the developments of the cold war between the USA and the former Soviet Union, then, the situation of home politics of Hungary following the XX. congress of the Communist Party of the former Soviet Union, the process of the Rákosy-autocracy being undermined as well as of the strengthening of the party opposition hurrying to make reforms. Then he states the significance of the Union of Hungarian University and Academy Students of Hungary {MEFESZ}, founded on the 16th of October in 1956, in the development of national history related to the revolution of the year 1956. The author briefly describes the armed uprising and national war of independence and then he expounds his views about the evaluation of the Hungarian revolution as well as about its consequences in Hungary. He thinks that Imre Nagy did not possess that practical and tactical ability which made Gomulka reach a compromise in Poland. Though the revolutionary determination of Hungarian people remained a constant warning both for the command of Kádár and the Soviet colonizing power. On the other hand, it contributed to the fact that a more bearable socialism, the socalled Hungarian "Goulash Communism", took place in Hungary, compared to the other socialist countries. Attila Szakolczai: The revolution and war of independence of city Budapest of the year 1956 in the countryside (Brief historiographyc overview) The author refutes the opinion spreading earlier stating that the provincies followed the events of the revolution of Budapest by a delay of some days. His view is that the revolutionary events of towns and villages had their own local antecedents. Moreover, the author emphasizes the fact that some important events, generally characteristic with regard to the revolution of 1956, took place in the rural areas earlier than in the capital city. Thus, for example, the organisation for students called MEFESZ, independent of the party power, was first established in Szeged in the whole country and the revolution had its first victims in town Debrecen. The first local workers' councils were founded both in Miskolc and in Pécs at the same time as the ones in Budapest, thus, on the 24th of October in 1956. On the 26th of October the town national council dissolved the local State Security Authorities