Prékopa Ágnes (szerk.): Ars Decorativa 31. (Budapest, 2017)

Szabolcs KONDOROSY: Types of Smoking Pipe Widespread in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th Century in Connection with Archaeological Finds from Onetime Várad Cathedral (Budapest Museum of Applied Arts)

2. The distribution of the keel type pipe

2251 pipes uncovered in Smyrna (now Izmir, Turkey), which lies near Mytilene (although some individual unpublished pipes may be of this type). This suggests that there could have been little short-distance trade in these items. Considering that information from Turkish areas is sporadic at best, it is highly significant that examples have turned up in Hasankeyf, the distant south east corner of Asia Minor, suggesting wide distribution on the Turkish mainland.6 Finds from all of the Turkish sites show unique variations, evidence of local manufacture. The very long shank, the steppedring and the broad groove of the Istanbul pipe, for example, sharply distinguishes it from the Mytilene form, whereas those from Hasankeyf, although they have their own special features, are closely resemblant in their body proportions.

Only a few examples have been found to the south from Asia Minor, including one from the well-researched territory of Israel7 (prompting the question of whether it came there with a lone traveller), and two identical pipes from Crete.8 These, however, differ from the basic type in several basic elements.

We have more information on the pipes from continental Europe. It is remarkable that examples of the type in Romania (Babadag, Mangalia and Slava Rusă)9 and Ukraine (Akkerman, now Bilhorod- Dnistrovsky)10 have only been found on the Black Sea coast. In Bulgaria, only three examples are known," one also from the coast (Varna) and one close to it (Silistra). Some are close to the basic type, but there is also a distinctive ‘Black Sea’ subtype with a greatly shortened shank, no groove on the

10