Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

among the Medieval Tuvins. Some elements of this Asiatic race-stock might have infiltrated into the Central Danubian Basin in the Late Sarmatian period, too. The Central Danubian variant belonging to the Carpathian anthropological zone of the CentralEuropean race is characterized by the dominance of dark hair and eyes of mixed color, medium developed beard, relatively weakly developed hair, insignificant percentage of right nasal bridge of the medial part of the upper eye-lid plica. The proportion of the light eye color significantly surpass that one of the dark iris. According to the metric traits the Central Danubian variant can be characterized by the complex of hyperbrachycephaly, mesoprosopy, leptrohyny and the medium tall body length. Within this variant can be three complexes can be characterized, the south-western, the north-western and the central anthropological complexes, none of which can be identified with a given type of Europoids. These regional complexes may be regarded as microareal groups of the Central Danubian variant. 4. In the anthropological composition of the living Hungarians the southern and northern components of the Europoid great-race have nearly the same proportion. This is confirmed first of all by the eye and hair pigmentation data as well as by the development of the medial part of the upper eye-lid plica. Thus the origin of the Central Danubian variant was connected to the massive as with the gracile forms, determinants of the North-Caspian (broad-faced) variant from Pontic race, having its consolidation in the whole period of the 2nd millennium A. D. 5. On the basis of a wide-ranging comparison of the European data analysis of the preauricularfaciocerebral relation promote the tracing of the gracilization process that means the establishment of the approximative frequencies of the hypomorphic (southern) and that one of the hypermorphic (northern) components of the Europoid race-stock on the territory of the Central Danubian region, too. The increasing immigration of the hypermorphic broad-faced component from the North-Caspian region into the Central Danubian region took place from the middle of the 1st millennium A. D. The final phase of this process was the settlement of ancient Hungarians in the 10th century in the Carpathian Basin. Facial breadth seems to be the most important differential-diagnostic pattern for the regional complexes in the case of the somatological as well as in that of paleoanthropological materials. On the basis of the samples studied from the living population of Hungary the compact distribution of broad-facedness can be stated in mosaic association with other patterns. 6. The heritability of the hypermorphic variant of the Europoid Pontic race can be traced in the North-Caspian region from the Neolithic till the chronological transition B. C. and A. D. that means after all the series from Sauromato-Sarmatians, too, revealing closer analogies with the Conquering Hungarians who are in the whole different considering their race-genetical character from the Medieval and antique tribes of the European Cis-Ural and West-Siberia. A summarized look over the paleoanthropological, archaeological and historical data will outline the earliest periods of the origin of the Protohungarians, namely the Presauromata (12th-7th century B. C.) and the Sauromato-Middle Sarmatian (6th-lst century B. C.) etap, in the diapason of which the process of the formation of the anthropological characters of far precursors of the Hungarian people took place. The area of this morphogenctical process extends from the North-West Caspian region to Mugodzhar of the Srubno-Andronoveans who functioned as a hypermorphic variant substratum from the Pontic race. Any part of Europoid Srubno-Andronoveans may be identified with the Protougors. 7. The transgressive analogies between the regional complexes as regarding the somatological and the Medieval craniological data clearly attest that in the Central Danube region the main factor of race-genesis was the metisation, with the process of the brachycephalization, the reinforcing formation of the Central Danubian variant of the Carpathian anthropological zone of the Central-European race. Analogies mentioned are in accordance with the data of ethnic odontology and dermatoglyphics as with those of the Medieval historiographie and areal linguistic data of recent Hungarians. 8. There is no doubt that groups of different contingents from German, French, Italian, eastern, south-western Slavics have been assimilated into the ethnic composition of Hungarian people - at first of all in the 2nd millennium A D. But in earlier periods of the ethnogenesis no less sufficient was the multiple