Dr. I. Pap szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 22. Budapest, 1992)

horizontal facial profile, prominence of the cheekbones, nasal root height, upper lip profile and expressiveness of the chin. As a somatological scale for estimating differences by the ten mentioned morphoscopical traits, the distance between the values characterizing Pushtun of East-Afghanistan (settled, Host) and Central Siberian Tunguses were applied. Distance between these two groups were regarded according to every trait as 100. Cumulative information is expressed about the relation of the two basic components, as the results of summarizing the ten above-mentioned morphoscopic patterns of the primary taxonomic range in the somatoscopic index of mongoloidity proposed by Debets. As far as the main ethnogeographical groups of the male population of Hungary were concerned, we found that with the exception of two settlements of the so-called Göcsej (Kustánszeg, Petrikeresztúr) the index-value of mongoloidity scored 20.00 nowhere in the country, i.e. the lower value-limit of the transitional zone between the standard categories of Europoid and Mongoloid great-races. This somatoscopic index had its minimal value in the North-Western part of Hungary (Himód), whereas its maximal value was found in the South-Western part of Hungary (Kustánszeg). It seems to be an interesting fact that this index is characterized by a very low value in the well-known group of the Matyó - according to the data obtained from the male population of Mezőkövesd. In the zone of metisation of the two main races inhabiting the continent of Eurasia a peculiar gradient of the somatoscopic index of mongoloidity can be observed from the South-West to the North-East. The minimal value of this index seems to be characteristic for the Southern-Ossets, whereas the maximal one was found among the Sarykopan and Madiars and values standing near to theirs were observed with the Kiptshaks living in the same region. Some groups of the Bashkirs are characterized by a lower frequency of the Mongoloid component among Kazakhstanians. Comparing our Hungarian data to that of the population of Bashkiria it is clear that a significant difference exists between the Hungarian males and the inhabitants of the Southern Ural region. The opinion of various Hungarian research workers of earlier decades mentioned a significant proportion of Mongoloid elements within the composition of the Hungarian people, but it also must be regarded an erroneous conception. In spite of the priority of the taxonomic value of scopic traits a certain amount of information can be deduced from the analysis of value differences of all metric traits, too. The data calculated according to Student's formula made it clear that the local groups of the male population of Hungary significantly differ from the representatives of the transitional zone of Eurasia on the basis of all (or almost all) metric traits. The differences of Hungarian and trans-Uralian groups are especially marked. Nevertheless it deserves attention that the majority of Hungarian local groups revealed a well-defined proximity by the bizygomatic diameter to the Mean-Yaik and Kesse Tabuen samples from the South-Ural region. This not significant mongoloidity of these Ural region series as represented by their somatoscopic indices combined with their relative closeness in their bizygomatic values to those of Hungarians may reflect the existence of a quite ancient (Bronze Age) common substratum. This was preserved with the North-Caspian broad- faced Proto-Europoids. When summarizing all the evidences it is clear that the taxonomic position of recent Hungarians seems to be in the closest connection to the various components of the Europoid race-stock.