Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 20. Budapest, 1988)
distortion and the zygomatic bone remained intact in its original position. As for the male skull (P.A. 644), this region remained without any distortion in spite of the considerable copression of the skull. In addition, a graphic superposition the main phases of the process was carried out simply by using certain angles for measurements (Fig. 4). (1) I defined the upper and lower inflexion points of the bony orbit as the two endpoints of a reference line, (2) another reference plane was obtained by drawing a perpendicular to the line between the above-mentioned two points, (3) the anterior point of contact of the bony orbit and this second plane forms the origin of an angle enclosing the upper and lower points of the orbit value, (4) the origin of the fa angle is the point of intersection of this same second plane and the longitudinal central line of the processus frontalis, enclosing the two vertical extreme points of the orbit, (5) /. angle is the arithmetic mean of cL and /i . The results of this comparison made on some investigated skulls are given in Table 2. The angles of the zygomatic region Taxa h t Sivapithecus indicus (GSP 15 000) 167 152 160 S. lufengensis (P.A. 677) 164 118 141 S. lufengensis (P.A. 644) 146 132 139 Orang-utang (recent) 150 125 137 Rudapithecus hungaricus (RUD-77) 149 122 135 Proconsul africanus 136 125 130 "Zinjanthropus boisei" 135 115 125 Chimpanzee (recent) 131 117 124 Australopithecus africanus (Taung) 123 110 116 "Piesianthropus transvaalensis" 130 98 114 Petralona 130 87 108 Broken Hill 121 93 107 Steinheim 120 92 106 Gorilla (recent) 120 90 105 Jebel Irhoud 120 88 104 Homo sapiens (recent) 115 85 100 Even the scanty data make it possible to distinguish different evolutionary phases and trends, especially as regards the Y value. The Rudapithecus and the Chinese finds are in the same group. They are isolated from the Sivapithecus indicus-orang-outang line, as well as from the trend of decrasing angle values which can be observed in a later phase of hominization. After the comparison of the Rudabánya and Chinese primates finds we may say that in lateral view the bones which border the orbits laterally show considerable similarity in their development. SAGITTAL SECTION OF THE SUBNASAL REGION It is very simple to study the subnasal alveoral morphology of Rudapithecus hungaricus . The RUD-77 maxilla find was broken vertically along the median palatine suture, therefore the palatine process of the maxilla, the lateral margin of the nasal aperture, the anterior nasal spine, the naseoalveoral clivus, the prosthion, the infradentale and the oral and nasal incisive fossae (WARD &. KIMBEL 1983) can be examined very well. If it is impossible to study directly the sagittal section in a find, usually X-ray and computerized tomography (CT) investigations are applied (WARD & KIMBEL 1983; DE BONIS Û MELENTIS 1987; CONROY & VANNIER 1987). In the case of the Lufeng finds the subnasal alveoral morphology has been stuied so far. During this comparative investigation I made attempts to draw the mid-sagittal section of male Sivapithecus lufengensis (P.A. 644) with the aid of casts (Fig. 5).
