Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 18. Budapest, 1983)
Stature was determined by the method of MANOUVRIER (1892) (according to the tables published by MOLLISON in 1938) and by the method of BREITINGER (1938) & BACH (1965). Comparative examinations were executed by the distance-calculations of PENROSE (1954), by the application of ALEXEYEVA' s (1966) special indices, by the praeauricular facioccrebral indices (PFC) recognised and introduced by DEBETS (1964) and by using the facial flatness index (IC) calculated according to the method of DEBETS & TÓTH (in FARKAS 1972). GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION The remains of 127 individuals came to light from the 130 graves dug up by archeological methods. Skulls and skeletal bones are available from 110 graves, only skulls are available from 5 graves and only postcranial material is available from 12 graves (Table 1). in summing up partial results it is visible that 2 5 (19.7%) children belonging to the agegroup Infans 1 and 9 (7. 1%) children belonging to the age-group Infans II, altogether 34 children, 26.8% of all individuals, were buried in this cemetery. This is a low ratio similarly to other Avar Period series. This problem has been studied by various authors (ERY 1967, TÓTH 1961, TA.ITI & TOTH 1976-1977). The number of individuals falling in the age-group .luvenis is 8 (6.3%). There are 41 males (32.3%) and 38 females (29.9%) in our cemetery. 41. 5% of the males died in adult age and 58. 5% of them died in mature age. Only 28.9% of the females lived to mature age, 71. 1% of them died already in the adult age (presumably as a result of illnesses related to maternity). All in all 115 brain-cases were brought to light, 41 male ones, 34 female ones and 40 undeterminable sex (children and juvenile). Only 20 male skulls and 12 female skulls were suitable for detailed metrical analysis. However I have carried out the possible morphoscopical examinations on the fragmentary material, too (Table 2). The fragmentary conditions of the series are well demonstrated by the fact, that 1 could determine stature only in 26 cases, although it was possible to examine the postcranial bones of 122 individuals. From these 26 cases well preserved (17 males, 9 females), measurable skulls belonged to 13 male skeletons and to 5 female skeletons, in all other cases skulls were fragmentary . ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Brain-cases of males according to the mean-values are medium long, medium wide (the number of wide skulls is also large), medium high. According to the calculated indices they are mesocranic (on the limit of dolichocranic; 13 are dolichocranic, 5 brachycranic , 2 mesocranic) , orthocranic, metriocranic, metriometopic. Facial skeletons have the following characteristics: medium wide zygomatic arc, medium bizygomatic breadth. Faces are of medium height, upper faces are low (though the medium high group is also significant). Orbitum are medium wide and medium high. Nasal apertures are medium wide, medium high. Facial skeletons are mesoprosopic, me sen, according to the indices concerned. Orbita is mesoconch, nose is mesorrhine, palate is mesostaphyline (Table 3). Brain-cases of females according to the mean-values are medium long (but the number of long heads is also considerable) , medium wide, medium high. According to the indices female brain-cases are dolichocranic (dolichocranic-mesocranic group), orthocranic, metriocranic, eurymetopic. Facial skeletons are characterized by medium wide zygomatic arcs with medium bizygomatic breadth. Faces are medium high, upper faces are low. Orbitum are medium wide and low. Nasal apertures are medium wide and medium high. Facial skeletons are mesoprosopic, mesen, orbitum are chamaeconch, noses are mesorrhine, palates are mesostaphyline according to the indices (Table 3). When evaluating morphological marks, the majority of the male skulls' circumferences in norma verticalis are sphenoid, but I have found a significant number of pentagonoids as well. Glabella is markedly developed, but those with a medium degree of development are also frequent. Arcus superciliaris is strong. Protuberantia occipitalis externa is medially developed, those with degree 2 are the most frequent ones. Processus mastoideus is strongly or medially developed. Sulcus praenasalis can be observed at 72.7% on the lower edge of
