Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Studia historico-anthropologica (Anthropologia Hungarica 16. Budapest, 1979)

On the basis of generalized Penrose-distance data, the materials of the cemeteries of Székesfehérvár-Szárazrét (2.33), Helemba-Sziget (2.81), Cegléd (2.82), SzékesfehérvárSárkeresztúri út (3.49), Csepel-Királydomb (4.29) are closest to the male series of Esztergom. The series of Fonyód (4.42), Oroszvár (5.38), Gáva-Vásártér (5.54) és VeszprémKálvária-domb (5.89) also seem to stand close to ours. With females, there is a similarity of smaller degree to the female series of Kiskunfélegyháza-Alpári út (7.41), Orosháza-Rákóczitelep (10.26), Zenta-Paphalom (10.62), Székesfehérvár-Sárkeresztúri út (10.69), Csákberény (10.73), Fiad-Kérpuszta (10.97), Cegléd (11.11) and Székesfehérvár-Bikasziget (11.34). As it is shown by the values of the generalized Penrose-distance, the male series stand much closer to those of Esztergom than the female ones. The fact must not be bypassed that we cannot calculate with indices and angles, because according to Penrose's method only absolute measurements may be drawn into the calculations. Hence, Penrose' s method is not informative enough as regards the differential diagnosis of the facial skeleton. These pieces of information can be got from the more detailed examination of facial regions (Éry 1970). THE EVALUATION OF TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA We represented graphically the relation of three absolute measurements (Martin 8, 45, 48) and three indices (8:1, 52:51, 54:55) - as secondary characters - of 35 male and 31 female series of the Arpadian age (Figures 1-10). On the basis of the secondary characters, the male series of Esztergom is analoguous to the male series of the cemeteries of Veszprém-Kálváriadomb, Csepel-Királydomb, Székesfehérvár-Szárazrét, Gáva-Vásártér, Fiad-Kérpuszta. The female series is similar to those of Cegléd, Orosháza-Rákóczitelep, TéglásAngolkert, Helemba-Sziget, Zalavár-Kápolna, Fonyód. The material of Esztergom could only be compared with that of three cemeteries of the Arpadian age on the figures showing the primary characters, because it was only in the case of these that the primary characters were evaluated from among all the series of this age published so far. The data of the Conquering Hungarians (Tóth 1965) have been included in the topographical representation (Figures 15-26, Tables 16 and 17). It deserves attention that on the basis of primary characters the greatest topographical similarity to the Esztergom male series is shown by the Conquering Hungarians (Table 16, Figures 15-20). The female series is not only similar to that of the Conquering Hungarians but to that of the cemetery of Helemba too (Figures 16-21, Table 17). RESULTS ON THE BASIS OF ALEXEYEVA'S SPECIAL INDICES Certain features of the neuro- and splanchnocranium are relative independent from each other; that is, cranial height is to some extent independent of the sum of maximum cranial length and its maximum breadth divided by two, and also of upper-face height as well as of orbita height. Other characteristics are opposite correlation from the point of view of functional relationship (nasal breadth - facial breadth) (Roginsky 1954, Alexeyeva 1966). In our examinations, we compared Alexeyeva'

s special indices of 45 male and 44 female series of the Arpadian age (Figures 11-14, Tables 13 and 14). On the basis of cranial height, breadth and length, and the relations of the upper face's and cranial height, the male group of Esztergom is near to the male series of Helemba-Sziget, Nádudvar-Töröklaponyag, Sopronbánfalva, Székesfehérvár-Sárkeresztúri út. Less similarity can be detected to the male series of Téglás-Angolkert, Székesfehérvár-Sóstó, Székesfehérvár-Szárazrét, At the same time, the male group of Veszprém-Kálváriadomb is different from the Esztergom males.