Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Historico-anthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 9/1-2. Budapest, 1970)
wing, is characteristic of the very conquerors. A more probable cause of the difference between the southern and northern wings of the cemetery may derive from the circumstance that the two groups are representatives of ethnically identical (belonging to an identical ethnic group), but in regard of direct descent of two different bodies, probably of two joint families, among whom there might have existed a difference in social rand in favour of those reposing in the northern wing . Some further results of the chemico-analytical investigations submit certain rather interesting data to this subject. According to Dr. LENGYEL' s opinion, namely, if soil conditions are largely identical in the whole area of the cemetery - and this is so at Kál - then the differences prevailing in the chemical structure of the anatomically and histologically identical bone samples of the several graves should be attributed to individual or temporal factors.- Individual factors could largely be filtered out by chemico-analytical methods (influences of age, feeding, pathological, etc. factors), and thus certain prudent inferences might be drawn concerning the relative chronology of the cemetera. Accordingly, Dr. LENGYEL considers the period of use of the cemetery slightly less than a hundred years, that is, it had been in use during three generations. He believes that the earliest individuals interred in the cemetery are those reposing in Graves 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23, and the latest ones those buried in Graves 1, 5, 31, 33, 37, 41, 42, 81, 82, and 83. If these data are now plotted on the map of the cemetery, we have the striking picture that those buried in the earliest times all lie in the southern wing of the cemetery, while those interred during the later period all repose in its northern section. Based on the chronological differences obtained by the chemical analysis, provided that they do represent factual conditions, the following hypothesis might be proposed, from the point of view of anthropology, on the population of the cemetery. Sometime at the beginning of the tenth century there settled in the neighbourhood of the recent village Kál a smaller community, probably a joint family, which began to bury its dead in the southern side of the area set apart as a cemetery. Of the 13 dead, interred at the earliest time, 6 are of a Mediterranoid , 4 Nordoid, 1 brachycranial (not identifiable any nearer), 1 Cromagnoid B, and 1 Turanoid type. Among the earliest buried individuals are 4 of the 5 trephined the population at Kál. The fact that trephinations occur among the earliest dead, furthermore the presence of the Turanoid female, justifies the assumption that this group arrived with the conquerors to the area of Hungary. It happened slightly later that another, more distinguished, group, possibly another joint family also arrived here ,commenc ing to bury its dead in the northern wing of the cemetery. For a time the two groups used the ce-
