Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Historico-anthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 9/1-2. Budapest, 1970)

factual conditions - I still think that the prevailing circumstances

,namely the exposed 75 per cent of the material, justifiably allow the evaluation of the available data - subject to some reservations. The two columns of numbers of Table 4 call attention to the following characteristics.As well at Kál as at other cemeteries in Hungary,the number of age group Infans I. i3 low; however, this is not to be ascribed to any favourable mortality conditions, but to special burial customs. It is a frequent phenomenon in historical populations that unviable infants or a certain per cent of small children had not been buried in the cemetery of the community (SCHWIEDETZKY

, 1965; ACSÁDI, 1965; ERY

, 1967,1968). The per cent frequency of Infans II and Juvenile dead stands near the nationwide mean in the tenth-twelfth centuries, but, with respect to the Adultus age group, the situation is rather less favourable at Kál, even though the difference is not too expressed. However, the number of individuals belonging to the Maturus age group far exceeds the nationwide mean, with the concomitantly much lower number of those having reached the Senilis age group. If the data of the last column in the life table, that is, the lifeexpectancy values in diverse ages,are now compared with the respective data referring to the corresponding ages in regard of the nationwide means; further inferences can be drawn (Table 5). Owing to the significant amount of dead missing from the age group 0-4 years, the 34.9 years life-expectancy at birth cannot be considered real in the case of Kál. Since, according to the two columns of numbers of Table 5, mortality conditions at Kál could not have been more favourable than the means of .the tenth-twelfth centuries, the life-expectancy at birth in Kál could probably not have been higher than the average 28.7 years for the Árpádian Age. If, as a test, a further amount of 16 children is added to the age group 0-4 years,the life-expectancy at birth would be 28.7 years therefore as much as the average in centuries X-XII. By the inclusion of this further 16, mainly infant dead - not buried in the cemetery but presumably having belonged to the community - the 40-60 per cent infant-adult ratio, to be expected by the patterns of centuries XXII, might become more real also at Kál,

instead of the present unreal 26-74 per cent ratio (A0SÄDI, 1965). A study of the two columns of numbers of Table 5 also reveals that at Kál the mortality conditions about 25 years of age begin to deteriorate as related to the model data. According to the numerical data, life-expectancies per age of the adult population at Kál was lower by an average 2.5 years than the nationwide means. As far as the mortality conditions of the two sexes are concerned, the population at Kál again shows a peculiar picture. Whilst, namely, the mortality of women in historical populations is generally more unfavourable than that of the men (ACSÁDI-NEMESKÉRI, 1957; ACSÁDI-NEMESKÉRI-HARSÁNYI

, 1959; ACSÁDI-HARSÁNYI-NEMESKÉRI, 1962; ACSÁDI, 1965) - mainly owing to the