Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Paleoanthropological studies (Anthropologia Hungarica 8/1-2. Budapest, 1968)
was mentioned above, HUG-' s data are rather incomplete (HUG, 1940) from this view. The material found at Lindau, Bavaria, is the one nearest to Hungary. The rather small number of 50 skulls found in 12 localities warns against the drawing of farreaching inferences. The material originates from a rather extensive area:combined from 12 localities south of the, upper reaches of the Danube and the middle reaches of the Rhine. With regard to the series from the Small Plains, West Hungary and Czechoslovakia, the comparatively greatest similarity is to be found in the material deriving from Devin. Also, this locality is the nearest to Sopron. Nordic, Eastern Baltic, and Dinarian elements predominate in the population of Devin (PRANKENBERGER , 1935). The other two sites from the Small Plains differ in considerably more characteristics from our material. The first subgroup of the material from Ponyód, originating equally from the eleventh to fifteenth centuries A.D., comprises Nordoide, Mediterranean, and Dinarian elements (50$), the second subgroup shows the preponderance of Europo-brachycranial and Pamiro-Ferghanian elements. This population is highly heterogeneous (DEZSŐ et al.). Owing to the great number of Mongoloidé elements, this series completely differs from our material. The brachycranial skulls found at Veszprém (ACSÁJJI-NEMESKÉRI, 1957) are also far removed from the Sopronbánfalva series. A comparison by mean values may,of course,be also misleading, especially in a case involving a meagre amount of material, since these numerical data fail to characterize satisfactorily the facial treats and indicate rather similarities in the cranial structure. Unfortunately, no meritorious comparisons could be made in want of comparative data. This is also one of the reasons in making only prudent statements in the determination of ethnic relationships. Concerning the population in the eleventh century of Sopron and its neighbourhood, I. KNIEZSA published some data with respect to the history of settling, based on historical,linguistic, and archeological investigations. According to our famous linguist, there lived Prankonians, Bavarians, and Slavs in the Sopron area before the Magyar Conquest. This movement obstructed any further Germanic expansion, indeed, they have fled or perished; in any case, the German population contemporaneous with the Great Migration disappeared in contrast with the Slavs who, inhabiting the fringes of mountains and the valleys, remained there. A survival during the Avar Age can also be assumed in these localities. The Germans, living now in and around Sopron, descend from settlers in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The population of the lake Pertő-area became mixed with also Türk (Besenyő) elements (KNIEZSA, 1938). In fact, the Intermingling of all these elements played their role in the evolvement of the population at Sopronbánfalva. It is probably indisputable that the majority of the inhabitants represented a Mediterranoide population of low stature and gracile bones, - as far as inferable from the small number of available data. And correspondingly, the presence of Mongoloidé components must also have been extremely slight in the Sopron area.
