Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Etudes d'anthropologie historique concernant le bassin du Danube moyen (Anthropologia Hungarica 7/1-2. Budapest, 1966)

gracile subgroup, - showing in its absolute measurements a greater Cromagnoid mixture, - marked II.a /Graves 9, 46, 73, 122, females/, and a more brachyoephalized mesomorphic subgroup /the „brachycranial element" of our home historicoanthropological literature?/ /Graves 9, 18, 55, 121, females; Grave 54, male/, designated II.b /Tables' 3-11/. Group III.: Sharply delimited,especially morphologically,from the preceding gropue. In absolute measurements greater than Group II, with a large brain case, more marked, athletic. Characterized by mesocrany, meso-leptoprosopy,large face, more massive mandible, strongly projecting bony nose /Graves 10, Í5, 41, males/. With reference to FIELD /7/, I identify it with the Iranian type of the Eastern Mediterranean group /Tables 12, 13, 14/. According to BUNAK /3/, the skulls of the Scythian period is discemibly more differentiated than the series of the preoeding period. The question now arises what place the Szabadszállás-Józan population occupies in the historico-prehistoric populace of Hungary. There seems to be a great similarity to the Copper Age Alsónémedi series examined by NEMESKÉRI /18/. NEMESKÉRI, too, separates the finding-complex into three subgroups. He also observed a Frotoeuropoide effect. His III, most important, braohycranial element displays protoalpine, Dinarien /?/ features. In our material, the best represented one is a gracile Mediterranean subgroup; one might assume a tendency toward the alpine element in braohycephallzed forms, but I consider a Dinarian type as impossible. With the subgroups II and II.b of the Szabadszállás group, LIPTÁK*

s /9/ several Bronze Age findings from between the Danube and the Tisza show also a certain taxonomio relationship.There are very few anthropological data available from the Scithian period BOTTYÁN /2/ reports, in her dootoral dissertation, ' on the examination of 34 findings /Mátraszele, Csánytelek, Szentes-Jaksorpart, Táplószele/. With some reservations, she shows Northern, Mediterranean, Dinarian or Armenoide, and Mongoloidé elements. Her „Dinarian or Armenoide" element may perhaps be brought into oonneotion with our group III. On the other hand, I absolutely preclude, after LIPTÁK /13/, the Mongoloidé element. Aooording to BARTUCZ /1; without submitting data/, the skeletal materials of the cemeteries around Szentes and Salgótarján are partly of an Eastern Baltio, partly of a Mediterranean, race oharaoter. These types may be identified with our group II or eventually subgroup II.b. Aooording to NEMESKÉRI and DEÁK /19/, three subgroups oan typologically be separated In the population of the Scythian period: the first one is preponderantly Mediterranean /Pontic/, the seoond is Mediterranean and Nearer Eastern /Tauride/, the third is Tauride and Eastern Europoide. The Szabadszállás-Józan population fits well into this frame. Without an evaluated knowledge of the aroheologioal material, no definite standpoint oan be taken with reference to the genesis of the ethnic group and its eventual ohanges in time. A sure foundation can be rendered only by a synthesis of the biological and sociological data. On the basis of the anthropological analysis, however.it can be established that our population fits well into the known portrait of the historic, anoient population of Hungary. In my view, groups I and II - with respect to their more primordial features and greater earlier frequency - represented the basic layer of the populace, in whioh subgroup III displayed a new dash of color as related to the preceding historioal periods. Aside of the characteristioal types, there are also mixed features in the population.