Dr. T. Tóth szerk.: Etudes d'anthropologie historique concernant le bassin du Danube moyen (Anthropologia Hungarica 7/1-2. Budapest, 1966)

General anthropological analysis Of the summarized data of the Avar Period graves in Budapest, only the metric data of six males and seven females are suitable for morphological and typological examinations. In my analysis, I used R. MARTIN'S method /1928/ for the descriptions and the evaluation of the indices, E. HUG's /1940/ for the absolute measurements, and A. DEBEC's /1964/ for the interpretation of the facial profile. Mandibular ramus-height was measured after TH. MOLLISON's method /1938/; for the oorporeal measurements N. WOLANSKI's /1953/ monogramm was used. Owing to the badly preserved material, I desisted from calculating cranial volumes. In the biométrie evaluation, I submint not only means and intervals,but oomputed also standard deviations with recourse to the formulas referring to both the small and large case numbers, according to Student. Variational coefficients are also given for 2 and s*. The general characterization of the combined male series, according to the arithmetical means, shows short, medium wide, and brachycranial, in values approaching the means. Though divers as to shape, the majority is pentagonoid and spheroid, low. The forehead is retroclinate and medium broad. The Glabellae are medium strong, II-III. The zygomatic arcs are medium wide. The upper face is medium high /mesen/, evenly distributed between the prognathous and orthognathous values. The nose is medium wide, the majority of the cases showing a fossa praena8alis on the margin of the apertúra piriformis. The orbital is high /hypsioonch/; the stature middle short. With respect to the female means, the skulls are medium long, medium broad, the index medium wide /mesocranial/

, the shape preponderantly pentagonoid and ovoid. They are medium high. The forehead is wide /eurymetopic/ and steep, the Glabella weak, I. The zygomatic arcs are medium wide, the upper face medium high, -the face broad, and the alveolar prognathism is well expressed from the orthognathous upper face. The nose is wide and low /chamaerrhinian/, the margin of the apertúra piriformis infantile and anthropine. The orbita are high. The stature is short. It is worthy of note that hypsioonchy is characteristioal for both the males and the females /Table III-IV/. It goes without saying that these characterizations, derived from the mean values, give but a generalized picture of the skulls originating from various localities of the Avar Period. The individual data rev il essentially more, and also play a more significant part in the characterization of the population. The differences of the sexual dimorphism are well expressed /Table II/. Besides the mean values,the deviations of the percental differences of the males and females are also submitted, as related to the males. The smallest deviation of the male and female values /0,6 #/ is shown by the basion-bregma height and the orbital height, whereas the largest one is displayed in the maxillo-alveolar length /32,7 £/. The female skull is longer by 0,9 # than the male one. The minus signs shown in the Table are natural, given by the mandibular angle, the frontal curvature angle, the nasomalar angle, and the value of the smallest nasal ridge width /SC/* This is, on the one hand, a consequence of the sexual difference /mandibular and frontal curvature angles/, and on the other an Implication that the higher values of the facial measurements /nasomalar and zygomaxillary angles/ of the female series in the material are characteristioal of the Mongoloids. It should be remembered that the majority of the examined females are Mongoloids. Tnough sexual dimorphism can ao characteristically be shown, it does not Imply that the population is homogeneous, because, for one thing, the material