Amerikai Magyar Szó, 1983. július-december (37. évfolyam, 27-49. szám)
1983-07-07 / 27. szám
Thursday, July 7. 1983. AMERIKAI MAGYAR SZÓ 11. A lázról A láz a test belső hőmérsékletének a normális fölé emelkedése. A szervezet hőmérsékletét az agyban lévő központ által vezérelt automatikus hŐszabályozé rendszer tartja a normális határok között. Ha a hőközpontot úgynevezett lázkeltő anyagok izgatják, a hőmérséklet emelkedik azáltal, hogy csökken a höleadás: láz keletkezik. Lázkeltő anyagok a baktériumok, valamint a szervezet saját szöveteinek széteséséből, pusztulásából keletkező bomlástermékek. Ezért okoz lázat az elolt baktériumokat tartalmazó védőoltás, a sérülés okozta vérömlény, a gennyes folyamatok során elpusztuló fehérvérsejtek (gennysejtek) tömege. Hogy milyen magasra szökik a láz, az a szervezet érzékenységétől, a lázkeltő anyag minőségétől és mennyiségétől, valamint a hŐszabályozé rendszer működésétől függ. (Mint ismeretes, a hőleadás az izzadas fokozásával, a hő visszatartása a bőr véreinek szűkítésével, valamint az izomzat összehúzódásai révén történik.) Az elmondottakból kitűnik, hogy azok a betegségek okoznak lázat, amelyekben hŐkeltŐ anyagok termelődnek. Ilyen betegségek elsősorban a gyulladások, a gennye- dések és a fertőző betegségek. Ez egyben azt jelenti, hogy a láz elsősorban ezeknek a betegségeknek a tünete. Ha egy beteg lázas, akkor tehát elsősorban ezekre a betegségekre lehet gondolni. A láz alakulása több dologra utalhat: egyrészt a beteg állapotának változására, a gyógymód hatásosságára (vagy éppen hatástalanságára), másrészt a lázmenet alakulása jellemző bizonyos betegségekre. Célszerű ezért a beteg lázát folyamatosan merni, rendszerint naponta háromszor, s az értékeket feljegyezni, hogy az orvost tájékoztatni tudjuk. Sokáig azt tartották, hogy a láz tulajdonképpen a szervezet védekező reakciója a fertőzéssel szemben. Ma már tudjuk, hogy ez csak nagyon kis mértékben igaz. A baktériumok szaporodása ugyanis a "szokásos" láz esetén gyakorlatilag zavartalan. A láz valójában megviseli a szervezetet, éspedig annál nagyobb mértékben, minél magasabb és minél tovább tart. A lázat tehát mindig csillapítani kell. Az első lázcsillapítót évezredekkel ezelőtt véletlenül fedezték fel: rájöttek, hogy a fű’zfakéreg főzetének van ilyen hatása. A múlt században pedig a füzfakéreg kivonatából szalicilsavat izoláltak, és megállapították, hogy a főzet ennek köszönheti lázcsillapító hatását. így kezdődött meg a szalicilsav-származékok gyártása. Századunkban más, erősebb lázcsillapítókat is előállítottak, és minthogy a lázcsillapítók egyúttal a fájdalmat és a reumás panaszokat is csökkentik, sokféle szer all ebben a gyógyszercsoportban rendelkezésre. Ha a beteget magas láz gyötri, gyors és kellemes hatást lehet elérni állott vizes borogatással, amivel a mellkast, sőt az egész testet beburkolhatjuk. A láz csillapítása természetesen nem jelenti a lázat okozó betegség gyógyulását, hiszen a láz csak tünet. Okának felderítése az orvos feladata. A cél az alapbetegség meggyógyitása a megfelelő gyógyszerekkel, melyék a lázkeltő betegségek sokfélesége miatt nagyon is különbözőek lehetnek. Ez a láz megszüntetésének kívánatos módja. A COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS Delivered at the edrls's graduation exercises at Milton Academy, New England T he young women wore white dresses; each of them carried a flower; and each was herself a flower to behold as she wälked across a lawn as full of bright promise and as blue as Gatsby’s. Once the prospective graduates had taken their seats on the stage, there were the usual speeches and the awarding of diplomas, and then came the traditional commencement address, which was delivered by Marian Wright Edelman, the president of the Children’s Defense Fund, in Washington, D.C. A lawyer and a longtime civil-rights activist, Mrs. Edelman is a bla.:k woman in her early forties, with wispy black hair that is just beginning to turn gray; a self-confident manner; and a voice of authority, which she proceeded to put to use in a ringing speech about our national priorities. “You are graduating into a nation and world teetering on the brink of moral and economic bankruptcy,” she declared. “Since 1980, our President and Congress have been turning our national plowshares into swords and been bringing good news to the rich at the expense of the poor. An escalating arms race and nuclear proliferation hold hostage not only the future we adults hold in trust for our children but also the present that is, for many millions of our young in America and throughout the world, one of relentless poverty and deprivation.” Mrs. Edelman went on to tell her listeners that our nation’s national and world policies were literally killing children daily, and she shared with them some astonishing statistics to prove her point. “UNICEF says that every day last year more than forty thousand young children died from malnutrition and infection,” she stated. “A recent study of child deaths by the Maine Department of Human Services says that poor children in America die at a rate three times that of non-poor children, and that poverty is the ultimate cause of death for eleven thousand American children each year. This is more child deaths over five years than the whole number of American battle deaths during the Vietnam War.” After pointing out that the World Health Organization has estimated that ten children die each minute of preventable infectious diseases, Mrs. Edelman said that only ten per cent of the eighty million children who are born each year in the developing world are immunized 'against these diseases, that more than forty per cent of the poor black urban children in our own country who are between five and nine years old are not immunized, and that it costs only three dollars to immunize a child. “Where is the human commitment and political will to find the relative pittance of money needed to protect children?” she asked. And she asked, “What kind of world allows forty thousand children to die needlessly each day?” Having posed these questions, Mrs. Edelman reminded her listeners that in its first year the Reagan Administration proposed cuts of eleven billion dollars in disease-prevention programs for children and in lifeline-support programs for poor families, that Congress responded by enacting cuts of nine billion dollars, and that this year the President is proposing new cuts of three and a half billion dollars in these programs. “It is my strong view that the American people have been sold a set of false choices by our national leaders, who tell us we must choose between jobs and peace, between filling potholes in our streets and cavities in our children’s teeth, between day care for five million latchkey children and home care for millions of senior citizens living out their lives in the loneliness of a nursing home,” she said. “There are other choices—fairer choices—that you and I must insist our national leaders make.” Mrs. Edelman informed her audience that “while slashing programs serving the neediest children, the President and Congress found seven hundred and fifty billion dollars to give untargeted tax cuts mostly to non-needy corporations and individuals,” and that the Administration is now trying to persuade the American people to give the Pentagon two trillion dollars over a seven-year period for the largest arms buildup in peacetime history. “When President Reagan took office, we were spending eighteen million dollars an hour on defense,” she said. “This year, we are spending twenty-four million dollars an hour. Next year, President Reagan wants to spend twenty-eight million dollars an hour. The House Democratic leadership wants to spend orily twenty-seven million dollars an hour and they are being labelled soft on defense.” Mrs. Edelman went on to say that just one hour’s worth of President Reagan’s proposed increase in military spending would pay for free school lunches for nineteen thousand children for a school year, and that a day’s worth would pay for a year’s free school lunches for almost half a million. “Would you rather build one less of the planned two hundred and twenty-six MX missiles that will cost us one hundred and ten million dollars each, and that we still can’t find a place to hide, or eliminate poverty in one hundred and one thousand femaleheaded households a year?” Mrs. Edelman asked, and then she asked whether her listeners would rather spend a hundred million dollars a year on a hundred military bands or put that money into teaching two hundred thousand educationally deprived children to read and write as well as their more privileged peers, and whether they would rather build a hundred B-l bombers, at a cost of two hundred and fifty million dollars each, or build nine fewer and finance a year’s Medicaid for all pregnant women and children living below the poverty level. “As you leave Milton Academy, I hope you will care deeply—-as citizens and as parents—about the choices those who represent you make, about the needs of those who lack a voice in our society, and about our national mission in a world plagued by hunger, joblessness, and militarism,” Mrs. Edelman said, and she urged her listeners “to try to keep your eye on the human bottom line,” to become involved in making necessary changes in our society, and to remember that “democracy is not a spectator sport.” Then, raising her voice to be heard over the sound of a jetliner passing low overhead, she told them that in addition to caring about the problems of preserving peace and fighting poverty it was necessary for them to achieve focus by picking a piece of the problem they could help solve, by studying the problem thoroughly and arming themselves with facts, by following up to make sure that changes, once instituted, were kept, and by never forgetting that “each of us—as individuals—can make a critical difference if we simply care enough, and bring to that caring skill, targeted action, and persistence.” Looking sternly at her well-decked- out and decidedly upper-middle-class audience, Mrs. Edelman ended her address by voicing the hope that the graduates would become leaders of the next generation who would become involved in the pressing human needs that our society still neglects, and who would not let fear of failure keep them from fighting for things that matter. “Sojourner Truth, my role model, was a slave woman who could neither read nor write, but never gave up talking or fighting against slavery or second- class treatment of women,” she said. “Once, a heckler told Sojourner that he cared no more for her anti-slavery talk than for a fleabite. ‘Maybe not’ was her answer, ‘but, the Lord willing, I’ll keep you scratching.’ The Lord willing today, we should keep those who would turn their backs on the social ‘outcasts’ of our society and who would threaten world peace scratching. Enough fleas, biting strategically, can make even the biggest dog—biggest community institutions or government—mighty uncomfortable. If they flick some of us off and others of us keep coming back, we will begin to get the needs of our children and the poor heard and attended to, and oil the creaks of our institutions that many say no longer work. It is you and I who must make them work.” Let us leuru Hungarian Please bring me a bottle o/ [pint of] wine. Have a dash of soda? No, thanks, I like mine neat. What sweet would you like? Waiter, please, bring us two cups of coffee and some cakes. The bill, pleaseI It’s my party! No, let me settle the bill. How much haue I to pay? That's for yourself. Let's have a coffee somewhere. [please. 1 A coffee (two coffees],] Soups/Levesek Hozzon egy palack [fél liter] bort 1 Egy kis szódát bele? Nem, köszönöm, tisztán iszom. Milyen édességet parancsol ? Pincér, kérem, hozzon két kávét és valami süteményt I (Hallói) Fizetek I (Fizetni I > Én fizetek I Engedje(engeggye) meg, hogy én fizessek 1 Mennyit fizetek? Ez a magáé. Igyunk valahol egy kávét I Egy [két] kávét kérek. almaleves apple soup bableves bean soup boreóleves pea soup beeslnált csirkeleves chicken soup burgonya- (krumpli-) leva« potato soup esontleves bone (stock) soup eyresleves gooseberry soup erőleve9 beef-tea (clear meat broth) gombaleves mushroom soup gulyásleves goulash soup halászlé fisherman's soup (fish soup highly seasoned with red pepper (paprika)) karflolleves cauliflower soup korhelyleves kind of sour cabbage soup (consumed after “carousing”) köménymagleves caraway- seed soup lebbencsleves clear soup with boiled potatoes and noodles lencseleves lentil soup má)gombóeleves soup with liver dumplings menny'leve* sour cherry soup paradicsomleves tomato soup
