Amerikai Magyar Hírlap, 2002 (14. évfolyam, 4-45. szám)
2002-10-18 / 40. szám
AMERICAN Hungarian Journal MEDITATIONS by Dr. Bela Bonis Pastor (562) 430-0876 First Hungarian Reformed Church, Hawthorne CHRISTIANS, Jews and Muslims all claim Abraham as their father - as TIME (Sept. 30, 2002) reported in a lengthy lead-article. My present concern is limited to dealing with a new beginning: Abram as given in Genesis 12:1-9. Three verses offer God’s speech to Abram: "Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you,” followed by various promises. It is a call narrative stripped bare: "Go!... so Abram went." We are given no details, no context. We wonder, for example, how Abram dealt with his father Terah, whose house he left. Of course, human history has always known migrations, people who in ones and twos or families or whole tribes moved out into the unknown, pioneers filled with equal measures of elation and apprehension. Such moves often cut the ties that all traditional people hold dear. The Bible affirms that God spoke to Abram. This caravan of nephew Lot and wife Sarai and all the nameless servants and slaves moved out at the behest of God. Abram’s brain was buzzing with the conviction that God had promised he would become a great nation. In fact, the migration became one of the hinges of history. The apostle Paul understood this. Indeed, in Romans 4:13, Paul affirms that Abram and his descendants will inherit the world. But how are we to hear the old story? We are like Abram in one crucial respect: we don’t know what is ahead of us in the 21st century. Before us is an earth burdened with pollution of all kinds and expanding population, both a national and a world economy that baffles us, threats to our social stability that our forebears never imagined, and now a possible war with incalculable consequences. Perhaps individually we’ve never experienced a call from God - neither did Lot or Sarai, but they journeyed with Abram nonetheless. And Paul finds Abram (or Abraham, as God renamed him later) as righteous simply because Abram believed God’s promise. Even today, you and I can read the Old Testament as if it were an interesting and possibly relevant story but not our story. That’s a mistake. This is our story from the beginning. God was at work for us. Do you see what a bombshell this is? (TO BE CONTINUED) Nobel-Laureate Imre Kertesz Hungarian Novelist Wins Nobel Prize in Literature NY TIMES, PARIS - Imre Kertész, a Hungarian novelist and Holocaust survivor with a small but devoted readership in Europe, won the 2002 Nobel Prize for Literature for what the Swedish Academy described as writing that “upholds the tragic experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history.” Mr. Kertész, 72, a secular Jew whose work has been shaped by the time he spent as a teenage prisoner in Auschwitz and Buchenwald, was largely unknown even in Hungary until the collapse of Communism. Since the early 1990’s, he has been acclaimed in Germany and has won a loyal following in Sweden and France. Only two of his novels - “Fateless” and “Kaddish for a Child Not Bom,” (Northwestern Univ. Press) - have been translated into English.’ In its citation, the Swedish Academy said Mr. Kertész explores how an individual resists the enormous pressure of social and political conformity. “For him Auschwitz is not an exceptional occurrence that like an alien body subsists outside the normal history of Western Europe,” the academy noted. “It is the ultimate truth about human degradation in modem existence.” Mr. Kertész, who was working in Berlin when he learned of the prize, said he considered it a tribute to Hungarian literature. “It is a great honor for me and perhaps it now means I can have a quieter life, at least financially,” he told reporters. “We’re going to have a big party with my closest friends.” Hungary’s first Nobel literature laureate received congratulatory messages from president Ferenc Madl, and Prime Minister Peter Medgyessy. The prize, worth around $1 million, will be presented to him at the Nobel awards ceremony in Stockholm on Dec. 10. While Mr. Kertész once noted that “when I am thinking about a novel, I always think of Auschwitz,” his writing was also influenced by living for four decades under a Communist dictatorship to which he refused to submit. Particularly after the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956, he once noted, many intellectuals accepted selfcensorship in exchange for small privileges. “I refuse to adapt or integrate myself,” he explained. But this meant that for 25 years he was a solitary figure in Budapest, devoted to reflection on the two repressive political systems that came to dominate his life. Bom in Budapest on Nov. 9, 1929, Mr. Kertész was only 14 when he was deported to Auschwitz in Poland during a massive round-up of Hungarian Jews in 1944. The following year, he was sent to Buchenwald in Germany, where he was liberated in May 1945. When he was 19, he began working as a journalist for the Budapest newspaper, Világosság, but he was dismissed in 1951 after the Communists seized power. From then, he lived off translating German-language authors, including Nietzsche, Schnitzler, Freud and Wittgenstein. Mr. Kertész completed his first novel, “Fateless,” in 1965, but it was 10 years before it was published in Hungary and, even then, it went unnoticed. For many contemporary critics, though, it is the cornerstone of his work, not only the first in a semiautobiographical trilogy that includes “Fiasco” (1988) and “Kaddish awareness of the Holocaust in Hungary,” Mr. Kertész told reporters today. “People have not faced up to the Holocaust. I hope that in light of this recognition, they will face up it more than until now.” The French-Hungarian historian, Franpois Fejtő, said that the award was in some way a reproach to Hungary for not addressing its responsibility in the deportation of 600,000 Jews. “Only one other author - Primo Levi - has succeeded in recounting what happened to him in such a masterful way or almost with humor,” Mr. Fejtő said, adding that Mr. Kertész is “very jovial, strangely gay, a man who likes parties and people.” Hermann Terstch, who interviewed Mr. Kertész for El Pais, also spoke of the author’s affability, a man who “converted fear of human beings into warm gratitude towards life and everyone around him.” “He is a person who has created literature and culture where others would find only desolation and neurosis,” Mr. Terstch wrote. “His smile is a permanent gesture of conciliation towards a world that at no moment deceives him. And his amiable nature seems like a generous revenge for the cruelties and miseries he has known.” KOSSUTH - CONTINUED FROM LAST WEEK He became the leader of the opposition Reform Party, and urged extensive political and social reforms. The outbreak of the 1848 revolution in Paris and Vienna gave the reform movement new impetus. In powerful speeches to the Diet in March 1848, Kossuth demanded the removal of the dead hand of Austrian absolutism as the only way to protect the liberties of the Hungarian and other peoples of the Austrian Empire, and he called for the adoption of representative democratic government throughout Austria. On March 15, Hungarians in the city of Pest staged a massive peaceful demonstration demanding their independence from Austria. That same day in Vienna, Kossuth and other parliamentary delegates presented demands to the Austrian imperial court for virtual independence of Hungary. The panicked court accepted the Hungarian demands, and a Hungarian government was appointed by the emperor. March 15 remains a Hungarian national holiday in commemoration of this occasion. Kossuth served in the key role of Minister of Finance. Kossuth’s oratorical prowess and his commitment to social and political reform soon made him the most popular and highly regarded member of the government. As the Hungarian government adopted ever-bolder reforms and asserted its independence from Vienna, the Austrian government began an effort to reassert its control. In September 1848 an Austrian army invaded Hungary, the Prime Minister resigned, and Kossuth was named President of the Committee of National Defense. He mobilized the Hungarian nation against overwhelming odds and instilled in the people the determination to resist Austrian absolutism. Initially Kossuth and the Hungarian forces succeeded in driving the Austrian troops back nearly to Vienna, but the superior military power of the Austrians resulted in the occupation of Budapest in January 1849. In March of 1849, a new emperor, Franz Josef I, was installed, and he immediately annulled the previous decree acknowledging Hungary’s autonomy. In April, the Hungarians rallied and expelled most Austrian military forces from the country. Under Kossuth’s leadership, the elected Hungarian Diet declared the independence of the nation in a document influenced by our own American Declaration of Independence. 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