Vízügyi Közlemények, 2004 (86. évfolyam)

1-2. füzet - Orlóci István: A közösségi vízgazdálkodás felé

A közösségi vízgazdálkodás felé 63 formerly existing ones. The tools for making water management plans in compliance with this principle are, at a global scale, heuristic ones. The weak chain elements of shifting to a new era consist not only of the lack of appropriate ecological knowledge, but also the lack of ability of considering the different interests and their systems of values, which will govern the development. The key of shifting to new paradigm is the measurement of the intent of various participants of the community in achieving a harmonised interest in ecological values (Table IV). Water management activities are judged, in many cases, by the economic and market values, while in another cases they are judged on the basis of the environmental damage done by such activities. Until water resources and utilisation capacities were abundant in comparison to the demands, the connection between interest groups was those of the "client and the service-provider" (as shown in Figure 2A). With the progress of industrial development the emphasis was shifted from the hydrological-technical factors towards the regulation of the demands, with due concern to economic and environmental (ecological) conditions (Figure 2B). This rearrangement of relations is regulated by the European Union in compliance with the principle of sustainable development and by the establishment of institutional and information-management tools required for this (river basin management plans, monitoring systems, water directorates etc.). The conditions of national economic management, as set in the Third National Water Management Master Plan (of Hungary) of 1984, aiming at the protection of water resources and regulating water uses, indicate that the only efficient water management policy is the one, which is incorporated into the economic policies of the region (country and even continent) and only when short-term decisions of policy implementation considers the balanced long-term development plans. The decision making scheme of water management may be hierarchic, marketbased and community based. The Master Plan mentioned above favours the hierarchic mechanism on the expense of the market-based one. The qualification of the above-mentioned three methods on the basis of water management experiences (Table V) resulted in a Hungarian effort for making river basin management decisions on the basis of inventory systems and water budgets and as a result of an interest negotiation process of the participants of the community. Rivers connect nations and countries. One of the main objective of the Master Plan is the harmonised handling of the politically split river basin issues. For Hungary this is the most important role of the community-based approach. We must mention in this context the nearly century long experiences with transboundary (border river) management of Hungary and the methodological results of the 5lateral master plan of the water management of the Tisza River Basin (1976). Rivers are the common assets of Mankind. They form a capital, the profit of which can be utilised by the present generation but only to such an extent that will assure the heritage of the Capital as whole by the generations to come. Tasks of river basin management occur in a given place and time subject to frequently changing new conditions. The proportional realisation of ecological and community interests