Vízügyi Közlemények, 2003 (85. évfolyam)

2. füzet - Juhász E.: Magyarország vízi közmű ellátása

208 Juhász Endre mechanically treated" systems and the relatively high ratio of plants having nutrient removal. The quantities of sewage sludge generated are shown, in terms of dry weight, in Table VI., along with the method of disposal. Eventually, the desirable disposal technique would be the agricultural utilisation, but presently the "traditional" method dominates, which latter means the disposal in non-professionally constructed sites (mostly in local solid waste disposal sites, landfills). Tables VII allows a comparison of some characteristics of the EU countries and those countries (among the Hungary), which will join the EU in May, 2004. In terms of area and population Hungary represents only 2.25% of the total EU region, which cannot be termed a deterministic ratio. For the year 2002 the per capita GDP of Hungary was only 56% of that of the already "diluted" EU average, and the actual value is lower than the two lowest ones of the earlier EU (Portugal and Greece). Hungary's present level of piped drinking water supply (98%) allows a good place in ranking, while we face substantial activities and expenditures in achieving the required sewerage conditions, as of our National Development Programme, by the year 2015. The issue of sewage sludge disposal is a central problem in every member states and to be member states. The Hungarian data for the year 2002 indicates that 44% of the total generated sewage sludge quantity of 173 000 tons/year is being reused in agriculture, this being an extremely favourable sate in the comparison. Planned development factors are shown, for the time horizon 2015, in Figure 5. According to these figures the ratio of the population connected to public sewers will reach 76%, while other professionally acceptable local solutions will amount to 8-9%. This means that the total ratio of "acceptable" solutions will be 84—85%, this reducing the difference of utility levels (the scissors) to 14—15%. The forecasted total expenditure into water supply and sewerage will be 1,230 billion HUF (approximately Euro 4.7 billion), for the time horizon 2015 (data of June 2003, without considering inflation). This represents a burden of about 0.3% of the GDP. Of this sum 220 billion will be spent on improving water quality, while five-times as much on improving sewage treatment and sewerage (1,010 billion). This latter will include, among other, the construction of a total of 14.5 thousand kilometres sewer and that of a treatment plant capacity of 4 million population equivalent (PE). The implementation of this programme involves tasks related to the development of the institutional and regulatory frames, training and education and R&D. It is important to state that the development of sewage treatment and sewerage should be continued also beyond 2015. We strongly hope that with the substantial support of the EU and by making use of our own resources we will be able to reach the level of the better half of the present member states. * * * Öffentliche Werke der Wasserversorgung und der Abwasserentsorgung in Ungarn von Dr.-Ing. Endre JUHASZ Die Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit Wasser- und Abwasserwerken blickt in Ungarn auf eine Geschichte von andertalb Jahrhunderten zurück. Als Erstes wurde 1868 das mit Dampfmaschinen betriebene - damals auch im europäischen Maßstab besonders neuartige und zeitgemäße — gemeinsame Wasserwerk der damals noch selbstständigen drei Städte Pest, Buda und Óbuda in Betrieb gesetzt. Die erst zwei Jahrzehnte danach stattgefundene Kanalisation der in-