Vízügyi Közlemények, 2001 (83. évfolyam)

1. füzet - Hajós Béla: Vízfolyások szabályozása a XXI. században

Vízfolyások szabályozása ci XXI. században 37 Kaliczka L.: Víz-, erdő- és vadgazdálkodási müvek a Bakonyban. Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXXI. évfolyam, 4. füzet, 1999. Lötz Gy.—Harkay M.: A természetbe illeszkedő vízfolyásrendezés. Vízügyi Közlemények LXX. évfolyam, 3. füzet 1988. MI (Műszaki Irányelvek): Műszaki hidraulika. Nyílt medrek vízszállító képessége. MI-10-291-2. 1985. OVH (Országos Vízügyi Hivatal): Országos Vízgazdálkodási Keretterv OVH Budapest 1984. Rákóczi L.: Folyószabályozás az ezredfordulón. Vízügyi Közlemények LXXXI. évfolyam, 2. füzet, 1999. Stelczer K.: Hozzászólás Csorna J.: A folyószabályozás új feladatai c. tanulmányhoz. Vízügyi Közlemények, 3. füzet 1964. Szesztay K.: Hidrológia I—II. Tankönyvkiadó Budapest 1963. Váradi J. Gy: A vízkár-elhárítás az új törvény tükrében. Vízügyi Közlemények LXXVII. évfolyam, 4. füzet, 1995. Zellei L.-Sziebert J.-Csonki I.-Kaszab G.: A Sió vízszállító képessége. Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXXI. évfolyam, 2. füzet, 1999. Regulation of water courses in the 21

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1 century by Dr. Béla HAJÓS. C.E. The rapid increase of the population of the world imposes an ever increasing task on the professionals of water resources management and on the water authorities. As it is well known water is a basic element of life, which cannot be substituted by anything else, as it forms an indispensable part of living organisms. The biological needs of the human body is, however, far exceeded by the water demand of the industries and agriculture. Only a small fraction of this water enters the product, while the bulk of it is returned to nature, but in a changed, spent, polluted state. The living world, however, is sensitive to the quality of water. The water demand of the society and the utilisable water resources are in a very complex interrelationship with each other, that changed and changes in time and in function of the social development and in that of the changes of the biota and the environment. Apart from the Netherlands, Hungary has the most dense canal system (excess water drainage and irrigation canals) in Europe. The total length of Hungarian rivers (Figure 1.) is more than 2,800 km. The total length of small mountainous and hilly water courses is nearly 24,500 km, while the total length of flat-land drainage and irrigation canals is about 40,000 km. The objective of water regulation activities was first only the drainage of harmful excess waters and the protection against inundation, following the needs of the society. Available technical facilities have always affected the ways and means of water regulation. In the 19

th century and also until about the 1960-ies manual excavation works dominated the regulation of stream channels. In these projects the size and quantity of earth-works were confined to the minimum requirements. Wide-spread propagation of earth moving machinery defined the technological options in the next phase. The economic operation of these machines dominated the technical and non-technical objectives. Increase of the excavated earth volume per unit stream length was demanded by the need of keeping the index of machine-utilisation at a desirable high level. This resulted in relatively large cross section in the smaller streams. Namely, the state support given to local and public works was determined on the basis of the earth volume excavated. Appearance of the machines brought along the need for the construction of appropriate