Vízügyi Közlemények, 1997 (79. évfolyam)

1. füzet - Rövidebb tanulmányok, közlemények, beszámolók

92 Kovács Zsigmond Automatic early warning and monitoring stations for the protection of water quality in Spain by Zsigmond KOVÁCS, С. E. Nearly 90% of the water resources of Spain consists of surface waters and thus communal and industrial water supply rely dominantly also on surface water resources. Consequently the protection of the quality of surface waters became a priority task of national scale. The development of Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Network has started in the early nineties in the areas of the so called "Hydrographie Confederation", (Figure 1.) which was founded in the last century. This network harmonized and unified the various former networks. Furthermore, decision on the establishment of an overall water quality monitoring and control system, to be created within the so called SAICA (Table I.), was also made (Figure 2.). The Autonomous government of Catalonia has simultaneously created another network, the XACQA (Figure 3.). These early warning monitoring stations were equipped with automatic water quality metering facilities and supported by most modern and reliable technologies (Figure 4.) The first automatic early warning station of Spain was built in 1989 on the basis of the XACQA plan (Figure 5.). In establishing automatic water quality monitoring and early warning stations the primary task was to build and equip a high number of stations within relatively short period of time. The firm ADASA Sistemys developed a station called Castor (Figure 6.), which are factory made, prefabricated, block-type transportable station modules. The size of the station can be varied according to local needs. In addition the fixed stations Castor a mobile version of the automatic water quality monitoring station, called Nutria, has also been developed (Figure 7.). This mobile station is especially suitable for monitoring and identifying illegal sources of toxic pollution, which endanger urban sewer systems and sewage treatment plants. They can also be used for monitoring the treatment efficiency of sewage treatment plants. The existing automatic water quality monitoring systems of Spain became useful components of the country's water quality management programme. Several important practical experiences were gained during the 2 years of operation and maintenance of the system. Of the non-technical aspects one of the most important experience was that automatic water quality monitoring networks are worth of establishing only when all parties interested in the protection of water quality have access to the information provided by the system and can use these information for should be carefully and flexibly developed and created. * * * Automatische Kontroll- und Alarmstationen für den Wassergüteschutz in Spanien von Ing. Zsigmond KOVÁCS In Spanien ist fast 90% der z.Z. verfugbaren Wasservorräte Oberflächenwasser, so daß auch die gütemäßig anspruchsvollere Wasserversorgung von Industrie und Bevölkerung größtenteils auf das Oberflächenwasserdargebot angewiesen ist. In Spanien genießt demzufolge der Schutz der Oberflächengewässer absolute Priorität.