Vízügyi Közlemények, 1996 (78. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Pálinkás Lajos: Árvízvédekezés a Körösökön
122 Pálinkás Lajos korábbi Árvízvédelemért érem e vonatkozásban igen jó szolgálatot tett volna. Megfontolandó hasonló célból - természetesen megfelelő kritérium rendszer alapján — ilyen jellegű elismerés biztosítása. * * * Flood defence in the Körös river system by Lajos PÁLINKÁS C.E. The flood of December 1995 of the Körös River System (Fig. I.) has created a new situation in the Hungarian water management. This was the first flood that required considerable mobilization of forces since the reorganisation of water authorities in 1994. This was the first cas e when the criteria of the new legislation of the new law on water management had to be applied, thus 1 aunching a new management system both at local and national level. Meteorological and hydrolog ical conditions (lasting temperatures of 10-18 °C) have also affected the utilization efficie ncy of the tools available. The major locations of defence operations are shown in Fig. 2. The Water Authority of Nagyvárad (Romania) transmitted information on the forenoon of the 27th of December, 1995 according to which the peeking of the flood at Honctö was 444 cm which exceeded the peeking of the March, 1981 by 3 cm. The hydrographic team of the water authority has also continuously forecasted the occurrence of an extreme flood and the estimated water levels were around or exceeding the # ma x (Highest Measured Water-stage) for nearly all near-border stations. Possessing the Rumanian forecasts and measurement data a proposal was made for putti ng the emergency flood-storage reservoir of Mályvád into operation, with special regard to t he lasting and extremely rapid flooding of the River Fehér-Körös. Simultaneously a proposal for stre ngthening the protection against overflowing of the right-bank levee of the Fehér-Körös was also made. An alternative solution, the release of the flood without any control action, was also discu ssed as an option, but the leaders of the defence forces did not support this solution, claiming that the con ditions the right-bank levee of the river Kettős-Körös did not permit such lasting high waters. Releas e of floodwater into the "delta" area of the confluence of Fehér- and Fekete Körös rivers has also been discussed as an option, but the public would certainly have resisted such solution. The joint forces of the Hungarian Army and the professional of the water authority have constructed a tempóra ry heightincreasing dike of 6,500 m length on the top of the right-bank levee of the Fehér-Körös in le ss than 36 hours (Fig. 5.). The opening of the Mályvád emergency reservoir at 4:06 h on the 29th of 1995 ( Fig. 4.) was not fully successful due to the insufficiency of the technical conditions of explosion . Nevertheless, with-the use of earth moving machinery it was possible to increase the release of flow th rough the opening within few hours. However the effect of the Mályvád emergency storage was of less ened magnitude and indirect only on the situation of the Fehér-Körös. Following the opening of the Mályvád emergency reservoir the left bank levee of the FehérKörös failed at 10:30 on the 29th of December at the Gyula I. pumping station with a 4.5 m w ide rupture (Fig. 6.). The flood was retained only by a 100 year old counter-pressure dike that was back ing the pumping station. This dike had high slopes and small cross-section area and had to be strengthened with sand-bag stripes. The sand-bag strengthening of the dike was made in 24 h with the use of 13,500 sand-bags (Fig. 7.). A coffer dam, made of CS2-M sheets and filled with sand-bags, was constructed for the closure of the break-through. Upon the investigations carried out b у experts further strengthening of the so called counter-pressure dike was made. The layer of high hydrau lie permeability was closed by a sheet-pile wall made of CS2-M sheets on the water-side and plast ic sheet
