Vízügyi Közlemények, 1992 (74. évfolyam)
3. füzet - Vörösmarty, C. J.-Moore, B. (III.): Osztott paraméterű vízmérleg és folyami transzportmodellek a globális éghajlatváltozások vizsgálatához
Osztott paraméterű vízmérleg és folyami transzport modellek .. 317 UNESCO, Discharge of Selected Rivers of the World. Vol. II, UNESCO, Paris, from start of observations to 1964. UNESCO, Discharge of Selested Rivers of the World. Vol. III. parts I-IV, UNESCO, Paris, 1965-1979. United Nations, River Inputs to Ocean Systems, UNIPUB, New York, 1981. Vörösmarty, С. J.-Moore, В. III.: Modeling basin-scale hydrology in support of physical climate and global biogeochemical studies: An example using the Zambezi River. In Land Surface-Atmospheric Interactions: Parameterization and Analysis for Climate Modeling, edited by E. F. Wood, Reidel, 1990. Vörösmarty, С. J.-Moore, В. Grace, A. L-Gildea, М. P.-Melillo, J. M.-Peterson, В. J.-Rastetter, E. B.-Steudler, P. A.: Continental scales models of water balance and fluvial transport: An application to South America. Global biogeochem. Cycles, 3, 1989. Willmott, C. J.: Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bull. Am. Meleorol. Soc. 63(11), 1982. Willmott, C. J.-Rowe, С. M.: Terrestrial water budget data archive: Version 1.01., Univ. of Del, Sep. of Geog., Newark, 1986. Willmott, C. J.-Rowe, C. M.-Mintz, Y.: Climatology of the terrestrial seasonal water cycle. J. Clim, 5, 1985. Willmott, C. J.-Ackleson, S. G.-Davis, R. E.-Feddema, J. J.-Klink, К. M.-Legates, D. R-O'Donell J.-Rowe, С. M.: Statistics for the evaluation and comparison of models. J. Geophys. Res., 90 (C5) 1985. * * * Distributed-parameter models of water balance and fluvial transport for use in global change studies by VÖRÖSMARTY, Charles J. and MOORE, Berrien, civil engineers A coupled water balance and water transport model (WBM/WTM) was constructed as part of a larger study of global biogeochemistry. The WBM/WTM provides critical hydrologic information to models of terrestrial primary production, organic matter decay, riverine nutrient flux and trace gas exchanges with the troposphere. The WBM/WTM creates high-resolution data for monthly soil moisture, evapotranspiration, runoff, river discharge and floodplain inundation. As a first step toward eventual global coverage, the WBM/WTM was applied to South America, represented more than 5700 1/2° (longitude/latitude) grid cells. The WBM transforms spatially complex data on long-term climate, vegetation, soils and topography into predictions of soil moisture (SM), evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff (R). The transport model uses WBM-derived runoff, information on fluvial topology, linear transfer through river channels and simple representation of floodplain inundation to generate monthly discharge estimates for any cell within a simulated catchment. The WTM successfully determined the timing and magnitude of discharge at selected locations within the Amazon/Tocantins basin. It also demonstrated the importance of floodplain inundation in defining flow regime on the mainstem Amazon. Estimated mean annual discharge was 207 000 m 3/s for the Amazon River and 17 000 m Vs for the Tocantins. In the basins, 45% of the incident precipitation emerges as river flow: 55% is lost to F.T. The model described in this paper will be expanded to include the dynamics of carbon, major nutrients and sediments. Such a capability becomes increasingly important as we seek to understand the impacts of climate and land use change on major river systems of the globe. * • *
