Vízügyi Közlemények, 1987 (69. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Csizmadia Károly: A vízrendezés és fejlesztés az Alsó-Tisza Vidéki Vízügyi Igazgatóság területén
84 Csizmadia Károly Land-drainage and its development in the area of the Lower-Tisza valley Regional Water Authority by K. CSIZMADIA, С. E. The introduction of flood-protection in the Tisza Valley in the last century secured the conditions of a safe agricultural production over one-fifth of the area of Hungary and promoted transportation, traffic, industrial development and the living-conditions of its inhabitants. The continuous system consisting of levees, however, closed off the drainage of logging waters from the protected area in its natural way and created a new problem: called land-drainage. The area of the Lower-Tisza Valley Regional Water Authority is in the deepest basin of Hungary. Here, drainage is hampered by flatness and by the closeness of the groundwater level to the ground surface. Land-drainage problems emerged most often at the end of winter, and in early summer, when abundant precipitation is the trouble (Fig. 1.). In the first case, quick melting of the snow may produce much water, especially if the first warmer spells arrive over a still snowy realm and a frozen soil, and if these spells are coupled with a substantial amount of warm rain. An unfavourable 'coincidence of the above mentioned factors has been observed lately in 1966 and 1970, when extraordinary water logging was the consequence in the Plains but mainly in the counties of Csongrád, Békés and Bács-Kiskun (Fig. 2.). Harms caused by excess waters originating from extreme precipitation events in early summer were registered lately in June, 1974 and 1985 (Fig. 3.). Land-drainage cannot function without dense and well-maintained canal-networks, without a structure-system for water diversion and without pumping-stations, occasionally. A coordinated development and operation of the canals of different order and purpose is a basic task of this technical field. To foster coordinated development, the Lower-Tisza Valley Regional Water Authority had ordered to prepare in 1976-1978 a conceptual plan for land-drainage development in the counties of Csongrád, Békés and Bács-Kiskun. In the 16 separate land-drainage systems stretching over the 8455 km 2 directed by the Regional Water Authority, the development of the main structures and of all other land-drainage projects had been envisaged and designed in detail. As a critérium, the drainage of the water volume of a winter-spring event with a probability of occurrence of 10 percent - during 12 days - has been taken into account, parallelly with a summer events having the same probability of occurrence and drained off-in 3-4 days. The capacity of the different systems has been doubled practically to 0.032 m 3/s.km 2, the total capacity of the pumping stations was increased by 26 m 3/s and total stored volume by 13 million m 3. From the main canals operated by the Regional Water Authority about 300 km needed an increased capacity; also the substitution of old structures and a development of the capacities of the pumping stations was unavoidable (Fig. 4.). Canal density has been increased to 1.8-2.3 km/km 2. This latter was achieved by the construction of a 5000 km long interfarm and farm canal-network. Beside constructing the necessary earthworks and structures, the Regional Water Authority was eager to help the accomplishment of the work-phases of complex amelioration especially through the construction of automatically controlled, prefabricated pumping stations (Fig. 4.) and of pipe-drainage systems (Fig. 6.). Accordingly, complex amelioration could be introduced over about 1500 km 2-s. * * * Entwicklung der Gewässerregulierung auf dem Gebiet der Wasserwirtschaftsdirektion Unteres Theißgebiet von Dipl.-Ing. Károly CSIZMADIA Der Ausbau des Hochwasserschutzes im Theißgebiet hat im vorigen Jahrhundert auf etwa einem Fünftel des Landesgebiets Ungarns die landwirtschaftliche Produktion, den Verkehr, die Ansiedlung von Industrieanlagen sowie den Lebensunterhalt der Bevölkerung sichergestellt. Allein
