Vízügyi Közlemények, 1986 (68. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Kovács Dezső-Hrehuss György: A jeges árvízveszély elleni védekezés 1985
30 Kovács D. és Hrehuss Gy. На р. Тисе сново начали ледоколные работы с 1 марта при очень низком горизонте воды. Основной целью являлось то, чтобы ледоколы, обеспеченные с трамбовочной установкой, открыли корридор в ледовом поле выше с. Токай (рис. 15) и еще перед наступлением возможного ледового паводка дошли ди затора, образованного выше с.-Циганд (рис. 16). Одновременно с работой ледоколов (рис. 17) было проведено взрывание, причем в большом объеме. Основная цель взрывных работ заключалась в том, чтобы заторы, возникшие вместе с береговым урезом отделили с помощью каналов, проделанных на 20-20 м от берега и таким образом способствовали эффективному поведению ледоколных работ. Во время защиты от ледового наводнения большую работу и заботу означала эксплуатация гудроузла Тисалёк и защита сооружения. Авторами показываются отрицательные температуры воздуха зимой 1984/85 гг., причиняющие ледового положения в рис. 3-6 и в таблице II. Максимальные уровни при ледоставе и без льда, а также ледовые максимумы зимой 1984/85 гг. на характерные некоторые водомерные посты даются в табл. III. * * * Protective measures against the danger of icy floods in 1985 by D. KOVÁCS and Gy. HREHUSS, Civil Engineers In this paper the methods used for protection against icy floods are presented on occasion of considerable ice-formations in our rivers in winter during the year of 1984/85. Well in advance of the icy period, in October, 1984 preparatory work has been executed for terrestrial and aerial monitoring for technical supervision of the ice-breaker park, for appropriate technical grouping ( Table I) and for the organization of blasting divisions. During the period of standing by - in November, 1984 - the Research Centre for Water Resources Development (VITUKI) issued a forecast dealing with the expected hydrometeorological situation between mid - December and the end of February along with the expected ice-conditions of the Danube. Actual fight against icy-floods has been conducted in two separate periods according to the real hydrometerorological (Figs. 3-5) and ice (Figs. 9-11) conditions. The first period had started on January 7, when the ice-breakers sailed to their stationing positions (Table I). The task of the ice-breakers consisted of helping an undisturbed drifting of the ice-floes and later the formation of a smooth ice-cover (Fig. 12). Due to a flood wave at the beginning of February, this ice-cover was torn up and drifting was initiated. At this time, the ice-breakers could work continuously and had fostered the undisturbed flow of the ice-floes toward the reach below Vukovár. The second period of protective actions started on February 15, along with a drifting cover of the water surface extending to 40 percent. The task of ice-breakers was a hindrance to the stoppage of ice and then a help for undisturbed drifting. Even after the formation of the first standing ice-cover on the Danube (January 11) one could well observe the melting effect of the hot effluent of the Nuclear Power Station of Paks (Fig. 13). Over the Tisza River, the fight against ice-formation was performed between January 26 and February 11, then between February 26 and March 18 upstream to the cross-section of Tiszalök. Ice-breakers had started to eliminate the ice-cover and a barrier that was located at the most downstream end of the section, on February 1 (Fig. 7). The barrier, however, was occasionally 5 m thick and altogether 14 km long. So, they could penetrate into the material very slowly. Till February 10, a length of 11.5 km could be broken up and drifted down. At that time, ice-breaking had to be stopped (Fig. 14) due to a drastic drop in river discharge (unsatisfactory water depth).
