Vízügyi Közlemények, 1979 (61. évfolyam)
4. füzet - Kovács György: A korszerű vízrajzi munka alapelvei. II. rész: A vízfolyások észlelésével kapcsolatos adatképzés, valamint az adatfeldolgozás és tárolás
556 Kovács György Наряду с вопросами хранения и обработки данных следует решить и порядок их публикации. В прошлом доступ к данным для широкого круга специалистов обеспечивался выпуском ежегодников. Сегодня такие запросы должны удовлетворяться печатными списками, выдаваемыми через ЭВМ. Ежегодники, по мере возможностей, должны содержать часто требуемые интегрированные информации и приводить сведения о том, где и в какой форме хранятся детальные данные и каким образом можно их получить. * * * Fundamentals of advanced hydrographie work. Part II. Dr. Gy. Kovács, Civ. Engr., D. Techn. Sei. In Part I of the paper, published in the previous number of this journal, the objectives and functions of hydrographie work have been summarized, together with the principles to be observed in designing, or expanding a data collection network The site selection for representative stations is governed by the spectrum of data to be collected. For this reason the method of observation had to be considered already in conjunction with the problems of siting. The sites for stations expected to yield information on the water regime of streams are, however, selected with due consideration of the river network, as at confluences, spacing along uniform, sections, density over the catchment, etc. These questions must be analysed separately before deciding on what data should be observed at these by what methods, in order, to describe the transport phenomena with the desirable degree of accuracy. The conclusions of major importance arrived at in this connection are presented in Part II. — A wide variety of methods has been developed and applied for observing river stages, beginning with conventional, visual readings on simple staff gages, through recording gages involving mechanical transmisson, up to telemetric devices capable of emitting electric signals. The growing shortage of manpower has made automation increasingly necessary. In connection with mechanical data processing two requirements should be observed, namely, the device should provide and record the data in digitalized form (obviating the need of transferring the data on a carrier and thus the possibility of human error), moreover, instruments of the same type should be used in the network (contributing not only to the uniformity of processing, but also to the case of maintenance). The equipment meeting all requirements should thus be agreed upon and mounted at the key stations of the network at the earlest possible date. — In connection with discharge measurement two essential problems should be noted: a. On the streams of low gradient in Hungary the discharge estimated on the basis of bivariatc relationships is not accurate enough for statistical purposes. b. On the minor streams the low discharges are uncertain, since owing to the low sensitivity, the differences due to the error of stage reading is comparable to the parameter value estimated. On the rivers in the plains and especially over the backwater reaches the introduction of three-variable discharge relationships is considered advisable. Moreover, on the minor streams measuring structures should be consctructed, which are designed to amplify stage differences in the range of low discharges. Efforts should be made further at using the structures erected on minor streams for continuous discharge measurement, evidently after the necessary calibration measurements only. — In connection with the sediment- and chemical data relevant to water quality it is considered desirable to describe the transport processes of solids by data of at least daily frequency, as in the case of streamflow rates, rather than on the basis of isolated, random observations. Detailed investigations are needed on the following problems:
