Vízügyi Közlemények, Kivonatok, 1965

Dégen Imre: Az 1965. évi dunai árvíz és árvízvédelmünk fejlődése

(37) Flood waters which entered through the first cut could be drained mostly over a natural stream bed, while remaining parts were removed through an artificial cut excavated on the 12th July (Fig. 7). In Chapter 5 an account is given on other works made necessary by Ihe flood, thus the construction of localization dykes. A report on flood damages is given subsequently. Over the inundated area 3530 houses were destroyed and since the two ruptures occurred shortly before harvesting, the entire 1965 crop was lost. Altogether 53.700 persons were evacuated from 46 communities. Labour and equipment engaged in flood control operations, and stock damages caused by the flood are summarized in this chapter. 2.3 THE 1965 DANUBE FLOOD IN YOUGOSLAVIA By St. Dumic, Civ. Eng. (Yougoslavia) (For the Hungarian text see pp. 126) Over the Yougoslavian Danube reach down to the mouth of the Tisza River flood stages in 1965 were substantially higher (by maximum 86 cm) than previous stages on record (Table I), but also the duration of high stages was considerably longer than in earlier critical periods (Table II). The stage hydrographs for the months March to September upstream from the border and within the country are compared in Figs. 1 and 2. A description of flood levees is given in Chapter 1 (Fig. 3). The length of levees on the left-hand bank of the river is 368 km, on the right-hand side 64 km. According to the standard cross section the levees have a crest width of 6 m, a berm width of 4 m, slopes inclined at 1 : 3 on the waterside and at 1 :2 on the landward side. The freeboard of the levees is between 0.40 to 1.70 m above the highest stage in 1954. Vulnerable points of the levees are listed, by pointing out that the levees would have been capable of withstanding floods with stages which were taken into consideration during the design of reinforcing works. Problems of flood control operations are outlined in Chapter 2. Organizations and agencies engaged in flood control are described, together with works carried out in the interest of strengthening main and secondary protection lines from the beginning of the flood. The bulk of control operations on the main protection lines consisted of controlling seepage through the levee body and boils on the protected side. Grave difficulties were met in protecting settlements along the Danube where the natural bank, or the levees were not high enough to offer the necessary degree of protection.