Vízügyi Közlemények, 1955 (37. évfolyam)

1-2. füzet - XIV. Lászlóffy Woldemár: Az árvíz előrejelzése

(18) Под продольным профилем находятся четыре столба для нанесения мест выклинивания фильтрационных вод; утечек, пробивакнцихая родников и выхода фильтрационных вод за дамбой, далее назначения километров этих мест. На нижней части рисунка показываются километры по лнние дамбы и реки. Над продольным профилем вверх от прямолинейной оси дамбы, или вниз от нее откладываем расстояние берега реки от дамбы и расстояние пробпвающихая родников от дамбы. По состоянию речных дамб, затронутых июльскими паводками, можно составить нижеследующие данные: Суммарная длина дамб, затронутых паводковыми водами 768,7 Фильтрация была обнаружена по длине 51,2 Выход фильтрационных вод за дамбой был обнаружен по длине 180,7 Утечка была обнаружена по длине ... 90,0 Число одиночных и групповых пробивающихая родников 143 км км км км (100%) (6,6%) (23,5%) (1,2 на каждом 10 км) л

: (1,8 на каждом 10 км) Продольные профили дадут и в будущем значительную и ценную помощь при составлении плана по развитию защитных мероприятий от наводнения. SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION OF LEVEES AND LONGITUDINAL PROFILE OF LEVEE SURVEY L. Tápay (Figures on pp. 149—156. of Hungarian text.) UDC. 627.514 At the Danube flood of July 1954 observations of the condition of levees were recorded on longitudinal profiles. Graphical representation is easy to survey and discloses relations between different occurences and local conditions, draws the attention of flood prevention agencies to dangerous places and serves for comparaison with similar experience gathered during subsequent floods. The buildup of the levee survey profile is ás follows : For reasons of simplicity the datum line of the longitudinal profile is the observed flood level drawn as a horizontal line. From this is plotted the crown level of the levee (or edge of the high river bank). The design flood level valid previous to the flood in question is also plotted in + or — sense, relative to this datum line. Farther the ground elevation on the land side of the levee and the level of the berm are plotted, if such latter exists. On the longitudinal profile thus drawn I he place of seepages, pipings and the levels of their outlets, the places and depths of dam bursts, further the water gauges are marked (Fig. 2.J. Under the longitudinal profile there is a band subdivided into four stripes for illustrating the location and section number of seepages,running water, pipings and rising water table. At the base of the sheet levee sections and river kilometers are marked. Above the longitudinal profile, upwards and downwards from the levee axis, the distance of the river bank and of pipings from the levee is plotted. Already the first tentative form of the longitudinal profile has furnished the following lessons : 1. The examination of the relation between pipings and the distance of levees from the river bank has shown that 90,5% of the pipings surge in places where the rivel channel (or a dead river branch in the flood area) is at a distance of 0—50 m from the levee and only 9,5% rise where this distance is 51—200 m. The distance of pipings from the land side toe of the levee is in 56,6% of the cases less than 10 m in 95,8% of the cases less than 20 m. The average distance was about 10 m. To make a berm of 10 m is very expensive ; the author suggests instead the conservation and if necessary, the reinforcement of the surface layer of the soil. On sections