Vízügyi Közlemények, 1948 (30. évfolyam)
2. szám - VII. Szakirodalom
(59) regulation. But frequent water damages, nevertheless, result from other reasons, such as the configuration of surface, the low water-absorbing capacity of soils, and defective methods used by the farmer in cultivation, and are significantly dependent upon the regional topographic conditions, character of soil, and especially the productional technics of man. Their consequences are: 1. the damages caused by water accumulation in lower lying areas, 2. drought damages due to the deficiency of water reserve of the soils in higher lying areas from where the surface water runs off, 3. soil erosion caused by rapid run-off water. The most striking is the scale of damages done by excess water that required an urgent regulation in the Great Hungarian Plain in the past. A prevention and control might be taken of the above mentioned damages occuring at any time side by side if we succeeded in retaining the entire precipitation in t he soil or the spot and in draining the excess by means of subsoil current . In certain areas the problme is to be solved easily by deep cultivation, farm terracing and soil improvement etc. In most of the cases the results are, nevertheless, uncertain, and it is questionable whether they cover the investment and working costs. From the standpoint of surplus water formation the maximum water-absorbing and water-capacity of soils may characterize the different regions of this country. If we know our regions minutely according to the mentioned aspects, taking into account the relief conditions parallelly, we may draw a boundary line between the menaced and less menaced regions. The problems connected with require further surveys and pondering examination in each of the regions all over the country. The relief and topographic conditions of individual drainage areas , the predominating precipitation and temperature conditions with their extremes, the water management and characteristics of soils, their cultured conditions, crop productional tendency of the regions, the kind of crop covering , all are governing factors to be dealt with. By far the greater part of Hungary the soil conditions have been surveyed according to the author's scheme. The available maps to a scale 1 : 25.0(H) indicate soil conditions and characteristics predominating in crop production, differing in this aspect from previous soil niapping methods. This quantity of useful data, gained partly from field partly from laboratory studies, might form an objective basis for civil engineering operations. The present study describes the regionally summarized factors playing part in water regulation, such as prevailing soil conditions, especially values of water capacity and water carrying conditions, furthermore, climatic and crop productional conditions etc. These data prove possible the furtherance of investigations carried out by competent civil-engineering and agricultural organs, when taken into account properly the above cited factors. RICHTLINIEN ZUR REGELUNG DER WASSER VERHÄLTNISSE UNGARNS VON PFLANZENBAULICHEN STANDPUNKTE. Von Privatdozent Dr. Ing. L. KREYBIG. (Hiezu Karte auf Seite 205 des ungarischen Textes.) D. K. 631.4 : 626.8 (439.1) Eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der Sicherung des landwirtschaftlichen Ertrages Ungarns ist die Regelung der Wassergegebenheiten eles Landes unter Berücksichtigung der Wasserwirtschaft eler Böden, der Erfordernisse der verschiedenen Pflanzen und der Aufgaben der Landwirtschaft. Die in Ungarn während der Vegetationszeit der Pflanzen meistens herrschenden Dürreperioden erfordern unumgänglich, dass die zwischen Herbst und Frühling herabfallenden Niederschläge, möglischst in ihrer ganzen Menge durch die Böden aufgenommen
