Vízügyi Közlemények, 1948 (30. évfolyam)
2. szám - VII. Szakirodalom
(8) is shown by the storage characteristic on Figure 52. Table XII contains a series of computed values. Stretch of the curve between annual storage and storage for total equalization can be drawn up from the Visó-curve through geometrical similarity. In connection with Figure 53 the author proves that breaks in the line are not by mere coincidence, but they follow a certain rule. Section 4 of the curve does not actually agree with the continual arch in Figure 51 but it is like the curve in Figure 52 which consists of nearly straight lines joined fractionally. Finally it must be laid clear: what fluctuations of consumption are negligible and so which are the types of consumption that can be regarded as practically uniform? These questions are dependent on several circumstances, however, within a certain limit of error, all the conclusions apply to regions of any definite climate only, as it is evident from Figure 54. 2. Consumption Of Variable Intensity. a) Annual Reservoir. The annual reservoir is meant for the utilization of total run-off of most unfavourable temporal distribution for the driest year. Figure 55 explains this problem as solved graphically on the basis of the mass curve. Mathematical solution can be produced only if consumption can be developed as a continuous and differentiable function of the time. Denoting, in accordance with Formula (75), the percentage value of the stored water quantity with £ (Figure 55/a.), and introducing s = s (t) for the character of consumption (Figure 55/b.) after the proper conversions, Function (78) is resulted. Its maximum, i. e. the relative necessary capacity is given in Formula (80). According to (82) actual value of capacity reads as follows: (86) S = 100 Figure 56 shows percentage values of mass curves (b) adherent to consumptions (a) and run-offs, both of different character. Each of the consumptions of different character can be defined with some coefficient, e. g. with the ratio of values belonging to t — T/2 and t = T . If these coefficients («') are plotted horizontally and the necessary capacities vertically in a rectangular coordinate system, the curves of Figure 57 explain the relation. Each of these curves belongs to a definite temporal distribution of run-off (cp). For each kind of consumption a diagram, like Figure 57, can be drawn up rendering approximate computation quick and simple. Based on the character of run-off, in consumption we may distinguish distribution of similar and opposite character, depending on whether the mass curve for consumption is over or below the line of balance (Figure 58). In water power development we are facing a special case in consumption of variable intensity when the reservoir has to feed a hydro-electric plant for equalizing energy production of some low-head development. Assuming the same V annual consumption, such a cooperation, under the hydrographical conditions of the Carpathian Basin, would require a smaller capacity than total equalization (Figure 59). In the field of water power development, especially in the ejectro-chemical industry, the necessity of perfectly uniform energy consumption may emerge. If water level fluctuation in the reservoir forms a substantial portion of the totally utilized head, the uniform consumption -L needs a variable water-consumption /. When using Formula (90) in introducing the (91) /- L° m + M symbol of the problem to (89) = j dt (which is the fundamental differential equation of storage), Equation (92) is resulted.
