Vízügyi Közlemények, 1932 (14. évfolyam)

2. füzet - XII. Kisebb közlemények

31 High water first appeared on the Körös Rivers, where three floods ran down in succession. The highest water with a gauge reading of +838 cm was at Gyoma on April 5. (For data v. the map annexed to a study in this volume, entitled „The Tisza Valley"). Subsequent to the floods of the Körös Rivers the Maros River began to rise. Two floods ran down, the second of which was the larger. On March 10 a culmination took place at Makó with a gauge reading of +580 cm, which surpassed the highest flow line of +410 cm, being 170 cm higher than that recorded as highest up to that time. On the upper stretch of the Tisza the Szamos River carried most water. The Szamos also had two floods ; the first attained a height of +586 cm, the second one +678 cm on the gauge at Csenger. The first flood of the Szam os coincided with that of the Tisza, and this resulted in a gauge reading of +848 cm at Vásárosnamény. The top of the flood moved downwards slowly and rose to a gauge reading of +924 at Csongrád, which was only 5 cm below the flow line in the year 1919, recorded as a maximum to date. The flood reached its extreme height with a gauge reading of +923 cm at Szeged, where it surpassed the maximum of 1919 by 9 cm. Afterwards the falling was extremely slow. The floods flowed away without doing any considerable damage, thanks to the excellent flood-fighting organizations. It is true that at some places the levees were penetrated, owing to the duration of the high water, but repairing work begun immediately averted any disaster. The calm weather also contributed to the fortunate outcome of the floods, because the absence of waves greatly facilitates flood-fighting. XT. short articles. l. A REMARKABLE BREACH IN A LEVEE. By : Dr. JÓZSEF de BENEDEK. In 1926 on the stretch of the Danube River above Drave mouth, at present under Yugoslavian rule, there was an extremely high flood of long duration, in the course of which breaches in levees occurred at 5 or 6 places, and the flood spread over an area of more than 100,000 cadastral acres (140,000 Engl, acres). The writer describes one of these breaches from information furnished him by the chief engineer of the local levee company, and he also illustrates by two figures the probable course of the breach. This injury to a levee, which is a typical example of the so-called soil-break, is very interesting and instructive, owing to the peculiarity of its process. At the place in question the soil is highly permeable ; for this reason a lower secondary embankment had previously been constructed behind the levee on the protected side (Fig. 1). Between these two embankments water was constantly rising in profusion also at the time of the flood in 1926. A few days before the breach a spring, carrying sand up with it, spouted at a distance of 10—12 metres (30—36 ft) from the toe of the levee on the protected side. A barrel was placed upon the spring and was banked up all round (Fig. 1). On the