Károlyi Zsigmond: A vízhasznosítás, vízépítés és vízgazdálkodás története Magyarországon (Tankönyvkiadó, Budapest, 1960)
Idegen nyelvű összefoglalók
hauptsächlich unter der zwingenden Kraft der Ernährungsschwierigkeiten der Kriegszeit eine gewisse Entwicklung. Seit der Befreiung bieten die, auf jedem Gebiete der Wasserwirtschaft erreichten Anfangserfolge (Stauwerk Tiszalök, östlicher schiffbarer Bewässerungs-Hauptkanal usw.), ferner der Ausbau der zeitgemassen Wasserbauverwaltung, die Errichtung der Forschungsanstalt für Wasserwirtschaft unci' deren elfolgreiche Arbeit, besonders aber die Gestaltung der neuen zeitgemässen Auffassung der Wasserwirtschaft — wunderbare Perspektiven für die Entwicklung unserer Wasserwirtschaft. (Nachdem der Zweck dieser Studie hauptsächlich die zusammenfassende Übersicht der Gestaltung der Wasserwirtschaft war, konnten einzelne Detailfragen, besonders welche die frühere Fachliteratur bereits behandelte — nur flüchtig berührt werden. Ausführliche Beschreibungen können aber in der Fachliteratur auf Grund der literarischen Hinweise leicht gefunden werden.) THE HISTORY OF WATER UTILISATION, HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING AND WATER ECONOMICS IN HUNGARY The subject matter of the present paper is to show how water economics have been forming in Hungary from ancient water utilisation through the development of specialized hydraulic engineering up to .the present day, to the uniform aspect of water economics. Thus it is not solely a work on the history of technics: its subject matter is, so to say, on the boundary between the history of technics and economics, too. However, displaying the formation of water economics might not be a task seeking its own end. For this reason, the author calls the attention first of all to such momentums, deductions of the development, as are closely connected to the present day problems of water economics in Hungary and thus might eventually render help to their solution. In presenting the historical development in a uniform, dialectic aspect — hitherto unknown here — the author has striven to make use of the data of special sciences connected to the arising problems (e. g. forestry, meteorology), beside the achievements of the rich special literature of hydraulic engineering and its history, new history and history of economics. Considerable relations between the tasks of hydraulic engineering, water economics and the historical changes perceivable in the conditions of the economic geography of the country are pointed out, and practical consequences may be drawn therefrom. Thus the relation between the eradication of the forests on the Hungarian Plainland during the Middle Ages and the Turkish Invasion and the changes brought about in the hydrographic and biocli- matic conditions of the Plainland is particularly emphasized. The realization of this fact — originating from Károly Kaán — must play an important role in the solution of the actual problems of the present .days. To analyze the failures of former irrigations on the Plainland 315
