Árvízvédelem, folyó- és tószabályozás, víziutak Magyarországon (OVH, Budapest, 1978)

D) Víziutak - Idegen nyelvű összefoglaló

PE3JOME ^eme KoBan ■j ,,3aw,uTa ot naeoAKoa, peiyAupoeanue. peK u os'ép, aoAHbie nyru Bempuu» — KHHra THna cnpaBOHHHKa. CxpyKTypa n coAepnsaHne eé onpefleAHioTCH TeM, mto 3TH KAaccHnecKHe OTpacAH H no cBoeMy xapaKTepy, h no coAepataHnio tccho cBH3aHbi flpyr c apyroM, a HapKAy c sthm, b BeHrepcKOM aflMHHHCTpaTHBHOM ynpaBAeHHH boahoto xo3«HCTBa ohh bxoaht b oöujyio OTpacAeByio eAHHnyy h HMH pyKOBOAHT OAHH TAaBHblH OTAeA. C yHeTOM 3TOrO H pa3ACAbI KHHTH HHHíe- cAeayKngne: A) IlpoTHBonaBOAKOBafl 3aujHTa. B) PeryAHpoBaHne pen. C) PeryAHpoBaHne oaep. D) BoflHbie nyTH. ElepBaH nacTb pa3^eAa «flpoTUBonaaoAKoaan 3aw,ura» 3aHHMaeTCH rnApo- Aornen 3aujnTbi ot naBOAKOB h HaBoAHeHnn. /laeTCH 0630p MeTeopoAornnecKHX cnTyaijnn, Bbi3BaBiiiHX naBoaKH b BeHrpnn, onncbiBaHDTCH xapaKTepHbie Tnnw naBoflKOBbix boah Ha penax, oTenecTBeHHbie MeTOflbi nporH03HpOBaHHH naBOflKOB h HanpaBAeHHH pa3BHTHB. npHBOflHTCH OTenecTBeHHbie MeTO^bi pacneTa naBOA- kob h cnocoőbi, KOTopbie öyAyr npHMeHHTbCH b őy^yujeM. B CAeflyioiijeH nacTn pa3AeAa paccMaTpnBaeTC» cHCTeMa npoTHBonaBOAKO- boh saujHTbi b BeHrpnn, eé pasBHTne h HacToaiyee noAomeHne. PaöoTbi no öopb- 6e c HaBOAHeHHHMH — b HacTOHigeM cMbicAe CAOBa — HanaTbi b BeHrpnn bo BTopon noAOBHHe npoiHAoro Béna, xoth y»íe n paHbuie npoBOAHAOCb CTponTeAb- ctbo flaMÓ MecxHoro xapaKTepa. Opo^cc pa3BHTHH paőoT no 6opb6e c HaBOA- HeHHHMH npOHCXOAHT H B HaillH AHH, OAHaKO, MOHÍHO KOHCTaTHpoBaTb, HTO ÖOAb­iuhhctbo paőoT no 3aijgHTe ot naBOAKOB, npoBeAeHHbix c HanaAa 1850-x n ao KOHya 1930-x roAOB, CAyntHAH, b y3KOM CMbicAe CAOBa, 3ain,HTe TeppnTopnn, noABepnieHHbix HaBOAHeHHHM. TAaBHon nie ^Abio paőoT nocAe 1930 roAa 6wao yKpenAeHne n AocTponKa ynte HMeioinpxcH coopyaseHnn, CAeAOBaTeAbHO, noBbi- uieHHe 6e3onacHocTH yme 3aujnujeHHbix nAoujaAen. EcrecTBeHHO, hto HapHAy C 3THM ÖblAH OÖBaAOBaHbl H HeŐOAbLUHe HOBbie TeppHTOpHH. OAHaKo, TpyAHo ycTaHOBHTb b Kanoe BpeMH n KaKyio 3au^HTHyK) cnocoő- HocTb npeACTaBABAa cncTeMa npoTHBonaBOAKOBbix asmő b CTpaHe, Tan Kan 3th paÖOTbl BbinOAHKAHCb OŐbeAHHeHHHMH no 3anjHTe OT HaBOAHeHHH. no npnŐAH- 3HTeAbHbiM o^eHKaM cncTeMa npoTHBonaBOKAOBbix oÖBaAOBaHnn, nepeineAinaH b 3KcnAyaTaijHK) rocyAapcTBa nocAe ocboöohíachhh (b 1948 roAy), 3anjnnjaB- maH npnMepHo 90 npoijeHTOB TeppnTopnn CTpaHbi, noABepnieHHon' HaBOAHe- HHflM, COCTOHAa H3 T3KHX COOpyAieHHH, KOTOpbie ÖblAH npHroAHbi aah 3aigHTbI ot naBOAKOB, cAynaioiunxoi b cpeAHeM oahh pa3 b 50 AeT. 46* 723

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