O. G. Dely szerk.: Vertebrata Hungarica 16. (Budapest, 1975)
Topál, Gy.: Bacula of some Old World Leaf-nosed bats (Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, Chiroptera: Mammalia) 21-54. o.
length of the bone. The longest protion of the baculum is the terminal fork, with deviating and then converging and acute branches. In the dorsal view, the branches are gradually tapering towards the tip. In the lateral view, however, their maximum height is at the middle. Beginning with this portion, the branches are strongly curved upwards, that is, in a dorsal direction. Hipposideros fulvus fulvus GRAY, 1838 The morphology of the baculum ot this species resembles that of H . ater. (Plate VII., figs. 11-17). I have studied two specimens from Mahableshwar, and one from Bhaja Caves, all from Miharashtra, India. Measurements: total length 1,56-1,81, width of base 0,23, height of base 0,29 mm. The bone is more or less expressedly ventrally bent, a sword-like structure with a small basal cone and with a simple, pointed tip. It has a slight left side turn, when viewed from above. The base shows lateral emarginations on each side and a slight but well established proximo-dorsal lobe. The shaft is subequal in width when viewed from above, with a faint narrowing near base and at tip. In the lateral view, however, it is high at base, tapering gradually towards the tip. The shape of the baculum is clearly distinct from that of H. ater , having a more pronounced ventral curvature, a more expressed lateral compression, and a pointed tip with no flatness on its dorsal surface. Hipposi deros cineraceus cineraceus BLYTH, 1853 I have studied a small series (5) of this species from Tuong linh, North Vietnam. Measurements: total length 1,68-1,90, basal width 0,41-0, 50, basal heigth 0, 27-0,32, terminal span 0,36 mm. The proximal end of the bone is a well developed, dorsoventrally flattened basal cone with a dorsal portion sharply separated by lateral constrictions from the lower one. Its proximo-dorsal margin projects backwards and has a median emargination. Laterally there is an emargination on both sides. The ventral portion of the basal cone is shorter than the dorsal one and has a concave margin. Both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the basal cone display a slight concavity. The shaft shows a continuous ventral curve from base to tip, and it is gradually tapering to the tip, both in the dorsal and lateral views. The shaft is not fully cylindrical in cross-sections, as it has ventral impressions near the base and the tip, and lateral flat surfaces near the base and in the middle. The tip is a dorsoventrally flattened fork with a wide base, a further ventral bend, a slightly concave dorsal surface and a more pronounced concavity on the ventral one. The branches of the fork are widely truncate (Plate VIII., figs. 1-7). On the base of the available material of the different species in Hipposideri, I consider this type of baculum as the most complicated and primary one in the Old World Leaf-nosed bats . On the one hand, the presence of the basal cone indicates a relationship with the Rhinolophidae, on the other, the existence of a bifurcated tip separates H . cineraceus from them and suggests a possibility of a common ancestral form in the past from which both H . cineraceus and the species with an enlarged end portion of the bacula might have descended. Finally, the cinerace us_ type of baculum might also have been the predecessor of numerous apparently rudimentary bacula with no terminal fork (H. bi color sinensis, H. galeritus brachyotis , ect.).
